Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Process Evaluation and Fate of Priority Components in an Open and Closed Digestion System

The rapid development of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production has led to an increase in the production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as well. POME will cause problems in the environment because contains high contaminants. This study aims to investigate the effect of the coagulant Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) variations and the membrane’s operating pressure on the POME treatment process using the nanofiltration membrane (NF) with the coagulation-flocculation process as pre-treatment. The PAC was used in the coagulation-flocculation process with variations in concentration (5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0 g/L). The process was completed by a rapid stirring of 200 rpm for 5 minutes, followed with slow stirring at 60 rpm for 15 minutes and settling time for 30 minutes. The process of membrane nanofiltration was carried out for 60 minutes with variations in operating pressure (8.0; 9.0; and 10 bars). In each treatment process, effluent quality testing was carried out with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and oil/fat as parameters. In addition, an analysis of permeate fluxes and rejection of NF membrane was also carried out. The results of the analysis suggested that the best coagulant doses are 6.0 g/L with the reduction percentage of BOD, COD, TSS and oil/fat at 78.85%; 68.57%; 92.77% and 92.31% respectively. The highest percentage of NF membrane rejection was found at a pressure of 10 bar, which is equal to 94.71%; 94.86%; 97.92% and 95% respectively for BOD, COD, TSS and oil/fat with a flux value of 7.16 L/m2.hours.

Download Full-text

Sustainable microalgae-based palm oil mill effluent treatment process with simultaneous biomass production

The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1002/cjce.22584 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (10) ◽

pp. 1848-1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fatimah T. A. Halim ◽

Xiaoyi Guo ◽

Gaomin Su ◽

Hannah L. Ngee ◽

Xianhai Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Download Full-text

Preparation and Characterization of Polysulfone/Polyphenylsulfone/Titanium Dioxide Composite Ultrafiltration Membranes for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v65.2336 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

Author(s):

N. Ismail ◽

W. J. Lau ◽

A. F. Ismail ◽

P. S. Goh

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Pure Water ◽

Water Flux ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Pure Water Flux ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Bsa Rejection

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest pollutant discharged into the rivers of Malaysia. An efficient treatment system is highly desirable in palm oil mills in order to control the effluent discharged to any water bodies. In this study, composite ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were successufully prepared by incorporating polysulfone (PSF)/polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) blend membranes with inorganic TiO2 nanoparticles in the range of 0–4 wt%. Prior to POME treatment process, the properties of the resulting membranes were first characterized with respect to pure water flux, BSA rejection, hydrophilicity and structural morphologies. Of the membranes tested, it is found that membrane without TiO2 incorporation demonstrated the highest pure water flux, i.e. 82.81 L/m2h with BSA rejection of 98% when tested at 2 bar. The decreasing water flux with increasing TiO2 loading in the membrane is mainly due to the high viscosity of the dope solution which delayed the phase inversion process and resulted in reduced surface pore size. For the POME treatment process, the results showed that UF membrane could effectively treat the wastewater by removing up to 87% BOD3, 90% COD and almost complete elimination of turbidity.

Download Full-text

Effect of Gravel-Sand Substrate on Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/765/1/012048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 765 (1) ◽

pp. 012048

Author(s):

S K M Sa’at ◽

M S Yusoff ◽

N Q Zaman ◽

H A Ismail

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Download Full-text

Holistic process evaluation of non-conventional palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment technologies: A conceptual and comparative review

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 409 ◽

pp. 124964

Author(s):

Yoke Wang Cheng ◽

Chi Cheng Chong ◽

Man Kee Lam ◽

Muhammad Ayoub ◽

Chin Kui Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Evaluation ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Holistic Process ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Download Full-text

Cultivation and application of Scenedesmus sp. strain UKM9 in palm oil mill effluent treatment for enhanced nutrient removal

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 126295

Author(s):

Ainil Farhan Mohd Udaiyappan ◽

Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽

Mohd Sobri Takriff ◽

Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽

Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Download Full-text

Comparative study on structural modification ofCeiba pentandrafor oil sorption and palm oil mill effluent treatment

Desalination and Water Treatment ◽

10.1080/19443994.2014.906326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 3044-3053 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M.A. Abdullah ◽

M. Afzaal ◽

Z. Ismail ◽

A. Ahmad ◽

M.S. Nazir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Oil Sorption ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Download Full-text

Effect of Different Mediators on Bio-Energy Generation and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment in an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell-Adsorption System

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.411.67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 411 ◽

pp. 67-78

Author(s):

Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽

J.R. Selvanathan ◽

M.O. Abdullah ◽

N. Abdul Wahab ◽

D. Kanakaraju

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Adsorption System ◽

Air Cathode ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) discharged without treatment into watercourses can pollute the water source. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has gained high attention as a green technology of converting organic wastewater into bio-energy. As an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing POME treatment methods, air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system is introduced as an innovative technology to treat POME and generate bio-electricity simultaneously. However, the use of conventional MFC with proton exchange membrane in large scale applications is restricted by the high cost and low power generation. Addition of mediator in MFC is essential in order to increase the electron transfer efficiency, hence enhancing the system performance. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different type of mediators i.e. congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) on the performance of an affordable air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system made from earthen pot with POME as the substrate. The addition of different mediators altered the pH of the MFC-Adsorption system, in which more alkaline system showed better performance. The voltage generated in the system with CR, CV and MB mediator was 120.58 mV, 168.63 mV and 189.25 mV whereas the current generated was 2.41 mA, 3.37 mA and 3.79 mA, respectively. The power density of 290.79 mW/m3, 568.72 mW/m3 and 716.31 mW/m3 was produced in the MFC-Adsorption system with CR, CV and MB mediator, respectively. The highest POME treatment efficiency was achieved in MFC-Adsorption system with MB mediator, which resulted in biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 75.3%, 84.8%, 91.5%, 86.1% and 23.31%, respectively. Overall, the air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system with addition of MB mediator was feasible for POME treatment and simultaneous bio-energy generation.

Download Full-text