scholarly journals IS ANYBODY KEEPING THE CODE IN BULGARIA? A STUDY TO EXPLORE LOCAL PARENTS' AWARENESS REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR THE MARKETING OF BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Ivanichka Serbezova ◽  
Daniela Lyutakova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Prenatal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes

This paper reviews Bulgarian parents’ awareness concerning the existence of the WHO Code for the marketing of breast-milk substitutes and how it can help them optimize their breastfeeding journey. Frequently occurring problems and breaches of the Code in Bulgaria are discussed, and their context explained. We focus on parental attitudes and investigate whether they acknowledge the significant necessity for a Code-compliant prenatal education and postnatal care. We also explore their viewpoints on the implementation of the Code and maximizing compliance with it on a local level. The research findings are presented graphically, and we present tendencies showcased by respondents’ opinions they have expressed in the survey. OBJECTIVES: Purposes of this research are: (1) to explore parents’ awareness about the WHO Code and their encounter with local prenatal classes in this regard (2) to assess their viewpoints on implementing the Code and if they see it as a significant step towards an optimal breastfeeding experience. METHODS: The methods we applied include an online-based cross-sectional semi-quantitative questionnaire with closed-ended and open-ended questions, aiming to explore parents’ current knowledge and viewpoints in regard to the Code and its implementation in Bulgaria. The research has been carried out via social media, and it samples parents from a local parent peer support group. Acquired data from closed-ended questions is presented, demonstrating percentages and tendencies. RESULTS: A total of 463 respondents are included CONCLUSION: It is a common practice in Bulgaria for prenatal classes not to comply with the WHO Code. Disregarding recommendations and evidence-based medicine, both some experts and companies under the scope of the Code breach its main points. Code-compliant prenatal education is practically almost non-existent with the lack of midwife-led care and classes, predominantly in the private sector, where they are almost entirely, sponsored by those companies. Nearly all parents included in this survey are more than willing and motivated to have access to Code-compliant prenatal education and postnatal care. The lack of such leaves almost no choice for Bulgarian parents actually to have access to code-compliant education and care. This inevitably influences their decision making, attitudes and behavior, potentially leading to lower breastfeeding rates and suboptimal breastfeeding satisfaction and success. Adequate measures must be reinforced to ensure implementation and proper legislation, providing monitoring and enforcement, protecting parents and their babies when they are most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Implementation of two policies to extend maternity leave and further restrict marketing of breast milk substitutes in Vietnam: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Diaz Payán ◽  
Neha Zahid ◽  
Jeffrey Glenn ◽  
Ha Tt Tran ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Maternity Leave Policy

Abstract Policy research can reveal gaps and opportunities to enhance policy impact and implementation. In this study, we use a theoretically informed qualitative approach to investigate the implementation of two policies to promote breastfeeding in Vietnam. We conducted semi-structured interviews with national and local policy stakeholders (n = 26) in 2017. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and then translated to English by certified translators. Transcript data were analysed using an integrated conceptual framework of policy implementation. Respondents identified several positive outcomes resulting from implementation of an extended maternity leave policy (Labour Code No. 10/2012/QH13) and further restrictions on marketing of breast milk substitutes (Decree No. 100/2014/ND-CP). Decree No. 100, in particular, was said to have reduced advertising of breast milk substitutes in mass media outlets and healthcare settings. Key implementation actors were national-level bureaucratic actors, local organizations and international partners. Findings reveal the importance of policy precedence and a broader set of policies to promote the rights of women and children to support implementation. Other facilitators were involvement from national-level implementing agencies and healthcare personnel and strength of government relationships and coordination with non-governmental and international organizations. Implementation challenges included insufficient funding, limited training to report violations, a cumbersome reporting process and pervasive misinformation about breast milk and breast milk substitutes. Limited reach for women employed in the informal labour sector and in rural communities was said to be a compatibility issue for the extended maternity leave policy in addition to the lack of impact on non-parental guardians and caretakers. Recommendations to improve policy implementation include designating a role for international organizations in supporting implementation, expanding maternity protections for all working women, building local-level policy knowledge to support enforcement, simplifying Decree No. 100 violation reporting processes and continuing to invest in interventions to facilitate a supportive policy environment in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge of Kenya’s Breast Milk Substitutes Act (2012) among Nurses in Mbagathi and Pumwani Hospital, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Nyaboke, Clement ◽  
Gesimba, Beatrice ◽  
Juma, Rose
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Breast Milk Substitutes Regulation and Control Act, 2012 aimed to provide for appropriate marketing and distribution of breast milk substitutes, safe and adequate nutrition for infants, through the promotion of breast-feeding and proper use of breast milk substitutes. Nurses are responsible for providing information about benefits of breastfeeding to help the new mother to make a fully informed decision about infant nutrition. The aim of this study was to determine nurses' knowledge on the recommendations of the BMS Act in Mbagathi and Pumwani Hospitals, Nairobi County. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research/study design. The target population were nurses who all work in maternity wards because of their responsibility for counseling mothers on infant nutrition. The study used a sample of 200 nurses. Questionnaires were use to collect data. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square Analysis with the help of SPSS. Majority (68%) of the respondents had high knowledge. There was a significant relationship (p=0.014) between the level of education and nurses knowledge on BMS. Nurse’s knowledge on the recommendations of the BMS Act was generally high. Nurses with bachelors and postgraduate degree were more likely to have high knowledge than those with certificates and diplomas in nursing. Diploma curriculum therefore needs to be bolstered to include current recommendations of breastfeeding in line with the BMS Act. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Breast Milk Substitutes Regulation and Control Act, Nurses knowledge.

scholarly journals Deficyty obowiązującej w prawie polskim regulacji w zakresie reklamy i innych technik marketingowych dotyczących produktów relewantnych dla ochrony karmienia piersią, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem preparatów do początkowego żywienia niemowląt. Zarys problematyki

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 79-101
Author(s):  
Anna Koronkiewicz-Wiórek
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
International Code ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

THE REGULATORY DEFICIENCIES OF POLISH REGULATION CONCERNING ADVERTISEMENT AND OTHER MARKETING TECHNIQUES RELATING TO PRODUCTS RELEVANT TO PROTECTION OF BREASTFEEDING, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE INFANT FORMULAE. AN OUTLINE OF THE ISSUESThe aim of this article is to draw attention to the regulatory deficiencies of Polish regulation concerning advertisement and other marketing techniques related to products relevant to protection of breastfeeding, with special regard to infant formulas, and the evaluation of its effectiveness for breastfeeding protection. This regulation is non-transparent, heterogeneous and to a great extent unclear. It is also ineffective and insufficient for the protection of breastfeeding. It is much less rigorous than the standard established by the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes i.e. WHO Code. The main conclusion is that irrespective of the need for improvement of the promotion of breastfeeding, including lactation education of medical staff and parents, legislative changes are necessary in the field of the marketing of food intended for infants and young children, feeding bottles and teats. The best solution would be the full implementation of the WHO Code including subsequent WHA resolutions.

RESPONSE BY NESTLE TO THE WHO CODE ON BREAST-MILK SUBSTITUTES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-707
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
General Public ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
International Code ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes

The Nestle Group has prepared written instructions (dated February, 1982) for its employees on the implementation of the W.H.O. International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. . . . The instructions appear in parallel with the relevant sections of the code, and the comparisons thus offered raise some doubts about the purity of Nestle's intentions. Article 2 of the international code, for instance, states that it covers all breast-milk substitutes, including complementary foods. Nestle has limited its applicability to infant formula alone, exempting its weaning cereals and canned milks, which are often marketed as early supplements to breast milk. Concerning the circulation of informational and educational material to pregnant women and mothers of young children, Nestle says: "Information intended for mothers. . . may bear corporate and product brand (packshot permitted)." Is this really within the terms of the code? Another requirement of the code disregarded by Nestle, is the inclusion in any such material of a warning of the health hazards of the improper use of infant formula. Article 5 of the W.H.O. code states that "There should be no advertising or other forms of promotion to the general public of products within the scope of this Code." Nestle has written: "Information relating to specific brands of infant formula must not be communicated directly to mothers or to the general public." Conceivably, such a statement could permit generic infant formula advertising in the mass media. Analysis of Nestle's guidelines discloses ways in which they might be used to circumvent various parts of the international code, such as the code's stipulations on free samples to health workers and free supplies to institutions.

Commercial foods for infants under the age of 36 months: an assessment of the availability and nutrient profile of ultra-processed foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Karini Freire da Rocha ◽  
Célia Regina Barbosa de Araújo ◽  
Inês Lança de Morais ◽  
Patrícia Padrão ◽  
Pedro Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Objective: Considering the negative impact of the consumption of ultra-processed foods on health, this study assessed the availability and nutritional profile of commercial ultra-processed foods for infants in Natal, Brazil. Design: A cross-sectional exploratory study. Setting: Foods targeted at children under the age of 36 months sold in retail establishments located in high and low-income areas of the one capital city of Brazil. Participants: 1,645 food products consisting of 95 different types of food were available. The foods were assessed according to the NOVA classification: minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processed. The nutritional content per 100g was assessed according to processing classification. Results: Half of foods founded were breast milk substitutes and cereal foods (31.6% and 26.3%, respectively). The foods were predominantly ultra-processed (79%) and only 4.2% were minimally processed, with similar proportions of ultra-processed foods being found in both high and low-income areas. After excluding breast milk substitutes and follow-up formulas, all cereals, food supplements and some of the fruit or vegetable purees were ultra-processed, higher in energy density, fat, carbohydrate and protein, and low in fiber (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings reveal that ultra-processed foods for infants are widely available in Brazil, reaffirming the need to strengthen the regulation of foods for infants and young children by introducing complementary measures designed to promote the production and marketing of foods manufactured using lower levels of processing.

‘Dancing on a thin line’: Evaluation of an infant feeding information team to implement the WHO code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes

Midwifery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Dykes ◽  
Helen Richardson-Foster ◽  
Nicola Crossland ◽  
Gill Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes

scholarly journals Implementation of the Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes in Vietnam: Marketing Practices by the Industry and Perceptions of Caregivers and Health Workers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2884
Author(s):  
Tuan T. Nguyen ◽  
Ha T. T. Tran ◽  
Jennifer Cashin ◽  
Van D. C. Nguyen ◽  
Amy Weissman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: The promotion of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) is an important barrier to successful breastfeeding. Objective: To examine the enactment and implementation of the Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes (the Code) in Vietnam with a focus on marketing practices by the baby food industry and perceptions of caregivers, health workers, and policy makers. Methods: From May to July 2020, we conducted a mixed-method, cross-sectional study including a survey of 268 pregnant women and 726 mothers of infants aged 0–11 months and in-depth interviews with a subset of interviewed women (n = 39), policy makers, media executives, and health workers (n = 31). Results: In the previous 30 days, two mothers (out of 726) participating in the quantitative survey reported that health workers had recommended BMS, at private hospitals in both cases. In-depth interviews with health workers showed that hospitals have internal procedures to prevent the promotion of BMS by health workers. However, companies employed representatives to promote products not covered under the Code (e.g., commercial milk formula for pregnant women) at antenatal care visits and by gaining contact information from women and using this information to promote BMS outside the hospital, often on social media. In the 30 days preceding the survey, one-fifth of pregnant women were exposed to promotions of commercial milk formula for pregnant women and 7.1% to promotions of BMS. Among mothers of infants, 7.3% and 10.7% of respondents with infants aged 0–5 and 6–11 months, respectively, were exposed to some form of BMS promotion in the past 30 days. Around the time of birth, parents commonly brought BMS to maternity facilities (52.5%) or purchased it nearby (35.4%). Conclusions: Although Vietnam has a strong regulatory environment for the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding, there are implementation, monitoring, and enforcement gaps. Stronger enforcement of national policies to regulate the presence of BMS industry representatives in health facilities—both public and private—and the promotion of BMS products on digital platforms are needed.

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