Nord Stream Project: Ecopolitical, Economical And Security Field Considerations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Värk ◽  
M Nutt ◽  
J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Green Line ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Current article describes shortly about formation of the Nord Stream project and shows clearly economical, financial and other weaknesses of this project. Authors deal with supply sources of Nord Stream project and show that despite to several ecological risks and high cost of this project, several European states inspirited from interests of their good energetic supply, agreed to participate in it under the factual leadership of Russian state concern Gazprom. Authors turn attention to the decision of the Estonian leadership not to participate in this project, taking into the consideration not only ecological aspects, but some security and military aspects also. Unfortunately Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) decided to discuss seriously about influences of the Nord Stream project too late, when Finland, Sweden, Denmark and other participator-countries were given from their governments “green line” for needful to Nord Stream project sea-bottom researches and other operations. Authors show, that for Russian leadership this project has strategic importance, because it increases drastically Russian influence to the states near the Baltic Sea. 

More sanctions support US interests but not activity

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Subject US sanctions. Significance The US government views the new Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, running from Russia to Germany under the Baltic Sea, as increasing European dependence on Russian fuels when the Russian government is reasserting its influence in Eastern and Central Europe. The US administration has imposed extraterritorial sanctions against corporations constructing the pipeline. This may simply be a tactic to encourage more European purchases of US natural gas, but it is also consistent with the US administration’s mercantilist attitude towards trade. Impacts Nord Stream 2 sanctions will hurt some European firms, akin to the effect of US sanctions against European firms still operating in Iran. No evidence shows that the US policy is improving firms’ sales, which may discourage firms from currying favour with the administration. The US corruption probe into Airbus may boost Boeing and Lockheed Martin in the US market and make it harder for China’s COMAC to enter.

scholarly journals Data on microplastic contamination of the Baltic Sea bottom sediment samples in 2015–2016

Data in Brief ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 104887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Esiukova ◽  
Mikhail Zobkov ◽  
Irina Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Results from Developments in the Use of a Scanning Sonar to Support Diving Operations from a Rescue Ship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Grządziel
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Acoustic Imaging ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ship Hulls ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Baltic

In recent years, widespread use of scanning sonars for acoustic imaging of the seabed surface can be observed. These types of sonars are mainly used with tripods or special booms, or are mounted onboard remotely operated or unmanned vehicles. Typical scanning sonar applications include search and recovery operations, imaging of underwater infrastructure, and scour monitoring. The use of these sonars is often limited to shallow waters. Diver teams or underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROV) are commonly used to inspect shipwrecks, port wharfs, and ship hulls. However, reduced underwater visibility, submerged debris, and extreme water depths can limit divers’ capabilities. In this paper, a novel, nonstandard technique for use of a scanning sonar is proposed. The new application for scanning sonar technology is a practical solution developed on the Polish Navy’s search and rescue ship “Lech.” To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, the author took part in four different studies carried out in the southeastern Baltic Sea. The tests were performed using the MS 1000 scanning sonar. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique has the potential to provide detailed sonar images of the seabed and underwater objects before the descent of divers. The divers get acquainted with the underwater situation, which undoubtedly increases the safety of the entire operation. Scanning sonars are unlikely to completely replace the work of divers but may reduce the number and duration of dives. The sonar use technique turned out to be useful when rescuing a crew of a submarine that crashed and settled on the sea bottom as part of a naval exercise. The sonar data obtained during four experimental tests performed in the Baltic Sea prove the validity, usefulness, and significance of the proposed technique, especially from the standpoint of safety of underwater work.

scholarly journals On the environmental history of chemical munitions disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea: “Nord Stream” projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alekseevna Babintseva ◽  
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

Bases on the example of Baltic Region, the question is raised on the conservation of water resources in the context of environmental history and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the threats and risks of anthropogenic interference in the zones of chemical weapons disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The key goal of this research lies in comprehensive assessment and approach towards the problem of negative human interference into the natural environment of the Baltic water area. The article considers the instances of the emergence of a direct threat of environmental disaster, as well as a range of factors that reflect the consequences of postwar historical events. Assessment is given to the actual risks of the emergence of high level of threat to hydrological resources and adjacent territories. The novelty of this article consists in examination of the danger caused by chemical munitions disposal in the Baltic Sea in the context of construction of the “Nord Stream” and “Nord Stream – 2” export gas pipelines. The conclusion is made on the high risk of depressurization of submerged ships with chemical disposal due to inadvertent operation in the water area and neglect of the regulated environmental norms and standards. The authors note politicization of the environmental assessment of activity of the curators of the “Nord Stream” project; indicate their scrupulous compliance with the international environmental standards and territorial planning of construction in hazardous zones. The authors consider the impossibility of elimination of the negative impact of distribution of harmful substances in the Baltic Sea; however, note the possibility of minimizing the risks and maintaining the stability of the inland sea in the conditions of further anthropogenic exploitation.

Pu and Am sorption to the Baltic Sea bottom sediments

2012 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. 1957-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lujanienė ◽  
P. Beneš ◽  
K. Štamberg ◽  
K. Jokšas ◽  
I. Kulakauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Baltic

Analysis of chitinase diversity in the Baltic Sea bottom sediments

Microbiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Teplyuk ◽  
N. I. Samarov ◽  
A. A. Korzhenkov ◽  
M. O. Ul’yanova ◽  
M. A. Goeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
The Baltic
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