scholarly journals On the environmental history of chemical munitions disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea: “Nord Stream” projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alekseevna Babintseva ◽  
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

Bases on the example of Baltic Region, the question is raised on the conservation of water resources in the context of environmental history and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the threats and risks of anthropogenic interference in the zones of chemical weapons disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The key goal of this research lies in comprehensive assessment and approach towards the problem of negative human interference into the natural environment of the Baltic water area. The article considers the instances of the emergence of a direct threat of environmental disaster, as well as a range of factors that reflect the consequences of postwar historical events. Assessment is given to the actual risks of the emergence of high level of threat to hydrological resources and adjacent territories. The novelty of this article consists in examination of the danger caused by chemical munitions disposal in the Baltic Sea in the context of construction of the “Nord Stream” and “Nord Stream – 2” export gas pipelines. The conclusion is made on the high risk of depressurization of submerged ships with chemical disposal due to inadvertent operation in the water area and neglect of the regulated environmental norms and standards. The authors note politicization of the environmental assessment of activity of the curators of the “Nord Stream” project; indicate their scrupulous compliance with the international environmental standards and territorial planning of construction in hazardous zones. The authors consider the impossibility of elimination of the negative impact of distribution of harmful substances in the Baltic Sea; however, note the possibility of minimizing the risks and maintaining the stability of the inland sea in the conditions of further anthropogenic exploitation.

scholarly journals Hydrological and hydrochemical underpinnings of primary production and division of the Russian sector in the Gdansk basin of the Baltic sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71
Author(s):  
E. A. Kudryavtseva ◽  
S. V. Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Russian Sector ◽  
The Baltic

The distribution patterns of absolute and specific values of primary production in the upper 10-m layer depending on the physical and chemical condition of the marine environment (temperature, salinity, depth, bottom topography and configuration of the coastline, and nutrient concentrations) were distinguished in the Russian sector in the Gdansk Basin of the Baltic Sea based on long-term research data (2003–2015). Based on the results, the considered water area was divided into five regions: Cape Taran, the base of the Curonian Spit, the plateau of Rybachy, the open sea, and the Gdansk Bay (northeastern part). These regions are characterized by higher correlations of primary production and parameters of the marine environment compared to regression analysis for the regions distinguished by bathymetry. Primary production is the most closely correlated with temperature over the entire water area and with nutrients concentrations in seaward regions.

scholarly journals Baltic Sea datums and their unification as a basis for coastal and seabed studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wolski ◽  
Bernard Wiśniewski ◽  
Stanisław Musielak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Extreme Sea Levels ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThis paper presents examples of application of a common reference datum, such as NAP, within the elevation EVRS reference system for the Baltic Sea. A common reference datum allowed for setting the geographical pattern of occurrence of extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea. The eastern Baltic coasts exposed to western air masses are vulnerable to extreme hydrological events (the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Bothnia). On the contrary, the Swedish coasts of the central and northern Baltic are the least threatened by extreme sea levels. The south-western coasts of the Baltic Sea (the Bay of Mecklenburg and the Bay of Kiel) cover the basins with the most frequent and the most severe storm falls and extremely low sea levels. Demonstration of the Baltic surface deformation magnitude during a storm event is another example of NAP application. The instantaneous height difference between the north-eastern and southwestern coasts was 356 cm, which resulted from the negative impact of pressure (water cushion) induced by a dynamic and deep low-pressure system moving through the Baltic Sea. The common reference datum allowed for visualization of the so-called “theoretical water” distribution which has a wide application in the hydraulic engineering within the coastal zone. In addition, the study provides examples of differences that may be observed during storm events between the real sea-level data and the hydrodynamic model forecast. This is of great practical significance in terms of forecasting storm surges in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals ‘Knowledge Workers’ in the Baltic Sea Region: Comparative Assessment of Innovative Performance of the Countries in the Macro-Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksel Kirch
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Science System ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Academic Resource

Abstract The article studies the problems of human resources stemming from increased mobility, and the emergence of new aspects of migration processes. A comparative analysis of the connection between academic development in the context of university (and the science system) and the process of labour migration taking place in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia was carried out. The article examines the limits of the model through European territorial migration process and concludes that the huge migration of high-skilled labour (called the “knowledge workers”) has had a very negative impact on the innovative and academic potential of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and a negative impact in Estonia. In the final section, the article examines increase in the requirements for competence in the Baltic Sea macroregion of the European Union and Estonia’s university reform of 2013-2016 as an illustrative experiment to (un)resolved problems. The first results of the reform in higher education indicated that it was ineffective-for students, the good ideas of the reform proved to be a lost experiment and the mobility of knowledge workers, as the future academic resource in homeland, turned from Estonia to larger Europe, especially to Finland and the UK.

More sanctions support US interests but not activity

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Subject US sanctions. Significance The US government views the new Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, running from Russia to Germany under the Baltic Sea, as increasing European dependence on Russian fuels when the Russian government is reasserting its influence in Eastern and Central Europe. The US administration has imposed extraterritorial sanctions against corporations constructing the pipeline. This may simply be a tactic to encourage more European purchases of US natural gas, but it is also consistent with the US administration’s mercantilist attitude towards trade. Impacts Nord Stream 2 sanctions will hurt some European firms, akin to the effect of US sanctions against European firms still operating in Iran. No evidence shows that the US policy is improving firms’ sales, which may discourage firms from currying favour with the administration. The US corruption probe into Airbus may boost Boeing and Lockheed Martin in the US market and make it harder for China’s COMAC to enter.

scholarly journals Swedish environmental history of the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Cederqvist ◽  
Susanna Lidström ◽  
Sverker Sörlin ◽  
Henrik Svedäng
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Nord Stream Project: Ecopolitical, Economical And Security Field Considerations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Värk ◽  
M Nutt ◽  
J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Green Line ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Current article describes shortly about formation of the Nord Stream project and shows clearly economical, financial and other weaknesses of this project. Authors deal with supply sources of Nord Stream project and show that despite to several ecological risks and high cost of this project, several European states inspirited from interests of their good energetic supply, agreed to participate in it under the factual leadership of Russian state concern Gazprom. Authors turn attention to the decision of the Estonian leadership not to participate in this project, taking into the consideration not only ecological aspects, but some security and military aspects also. Unfortunately Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) decided to discuss seriously about influences of the Nord Stream project too late, when Finland, Sweden, Denmark and other participator-countries were given from their governments “green line” for needful to Nord Stream project sea-bottom researches and other operations. Authors show, that for Russian leadership this project has strategic importance, because it increases drastically Russian influence to the states near the Baltic Sea. 

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium sp. 316, a Baltic Sea Isolate Exhibiting a High Level of Resistance to Marine Stress Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Karczewska-Golec ◽  
Maja Kochanowska-Łyżen ◽  
Paweł Olszewski ◽  
Magdalena Bałut ◽  
Marta Moskot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Flavobacterium sp. 316, isolated from brackish water of the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea. The assembly contains 3,971,755 bp in 17 scaffolds. The sequence will facilitate postgenomic studies on bacterial stress responses in the challenging habitat of the Baltic Sea.

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