Skin temperature response to unilateral training measured with infrared thermography

The objective of this preliminary study was to determine the reproducibility of lower limbs skin temperature after cold stress test using the Game Ready system. Skin temperature of fourteen participants was measured before and after cold stress test using the Game Ready system and it was repeated the protocol in four times: at 9:00, at 11:00, at 19:00, and at 9:00 h of the posterior day. To assess skin temperature recovery after cold stress test, a logarithmic equation for each region was calculated, and constant (β0) and slope (β1) coefficients were obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error (SE), and within-subject coefficient of variation (CV) were determined. No differences were observed between measurement times in any of the regions for the logarithmic coefficients (p > 0.38). Anterior thigh (β0 ICC 0.33–0.47; β1 ICC 0.31–0.43) and posterior knee (β0 ICC 0.42–0.58; β1 ICC 0.28–0.57) were the regions with the lower ICCs, and the other regions presented values with a fair and good reproducibility (ICC > 0.41). Posterior leg was the region with the better reproducibility (β0 ICC 0.68–0.78; β1 ICC 0.59–0.74; SE 3–4%; within-subject CV 7–12%). In conclusion, cold stress test using Game Ready system showed a fair and good reproducibility, especially when the posterior leg was the region assessed.

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A Conformable Two-Dimensional Resistance Temperature Detector for Measuring Average Skin Temperature

Journal of Medical Devices ◽

10.1115/1.4051442 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Namisnak ◽

Sepideh Khoshnevis ◽

Kenneth R. Diller

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Single Point ◽

Wearable Sensors ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Nonuniform Temperature ◽

Resistance Temperature Detector ◽

Temperature Detector ◽

Average Skin

Abstract Various medical procedures are accomplished by manipulating skin temperature in a nonuniform pattern. Skin temperature monitoring is essential to assess conformance to protocol specifications and to prevent thermal injury. Existing solutions for skin temperature monitoring include single point sensors, such as thermocouples, and two-dimensional methods of sensing surface temperature, such as infrared thermography, and wearable technology. Single point sensors cannot detect the average temperature and consequently their measurements cannot be representative of average surface temperature in a nonuniform temperature field. Infrared thermography requires optical access, and wearable sensors may require complex manufacturing processes and impede the heat exchange with a source by introducing a layer of insulation. Our solution is a two-dimensional resistance temperature detector (2D RTD) created by knitting copper magnet wire into custom shapes. The 2D RTDs were calibrated, compared to one-dimensional sensors and wearable sensors, and analyzed for hysteresis, repeatability, and surface area conformation. Resistance and temperature were correlated with an R2 of 0.99. The 2D RTD proved to be a superior device for measuring average skin temperature exposed to a nonuniform temperature boundary in the absence of optical access such as when a full body thermal control garment is worn.

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Comparison of abdominal skin temperature between fertile and infertile women by infrared thermography: A diagnostic approach

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.09.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Junyoung Jo ◽

Hyunho Kim

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Diagnostic Approach ◽

Abdominal Skin ◽

Infertile Women

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Evaluation of infrared technology to detect category I and suspected deep tissue injury in hospitalised patients

Journal of Wound Care ◽

10.12968/jowc.2019.28.sup12.s9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (Sup12) ◽

pp. S9-S16

Author(s):

Fazila Abu Bakar Aloweni ◽

Shin Yuh Ang ◽

Yee Yee Chang ◽

Xin Ping Ng ◽

Kai Yunn Teo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Deep Tissue ◽

Thermal Images ◽

Deep Tissue Injury ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the use of an infrared thermography device in assessing skin temperature among category I pressure ulcer (PU) and/or suspected deep tissue injuries (SDTI) with intact skin. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was used. Adult inpatients (cases) who had a category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury (skin intact) on the sacral or heel during the study period (March to April 2018) were recruited. Patients without a PU were also recruited to act as control. Thermal images of the patient's PU site and non-PU site were taken within 24 hours of PU occurrence. Thermal images of the control patients (no PU) were also taken. Each PU case was matched to three control patients in terms of age, gender, race and anatomical sites. All thermal images were taken using a portable CAT S60 Thermal Imaging Rugged Smartphone (Caterpillar Inc., US) that provided readings of the skin temperature in degrees Celsius. Results: A total of 17 cases and 51 controls were recruited. Among the cases, the mean difference in skin temperature between the PU site (mean: 31.14°C; standard deviation [SD]: 1.54) and control site within the cases (mean: 28.93°C; SD: 3.47) was significant (difference: 2.21±3.66°C; p=0·024). When comparing between all cases and controls, the mean temperature difference was non-significant. When comparing between the category I PU and suspected deep pressure injury cases, the mean difference was also non-significant. Conclusion: Using infrared thermography technology at the bedside to measure skin temperature will support the clinical diagnosis of patients with skin types I to III. However, there is a need for a more accurate and objective measurement to identify and diagnose early category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury in adult patients with darker skin types 4 and above, enabling early initiation of preventive measures in the hospital acute care setting.

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Core Temperature in Triathletes during Swimming with Wetsuit in 10 °C Cold Water

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7060130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jørgen Melau ◽

Maria Mathiassen ◽

Trine Stensrud ◽

Mike Tipton ◽

Jonny Hisdal

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Cold Water ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Open Water ◽

Open Water Swimming ◽

Ironman Distance

Low water temperature (<15 °C) has been faced by many organizers of triathlons and swim-runs in the northern part of Europe during recent years. More knowledge about how cold water affects athletes swimming in wetsuits in cold water is warranted. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the physiological response when swimming a full Ironman distance (3800 m) in a wetsuit in 10 °C water. Twenty triathletes, 37.6 ± 9 years (12 males and 8 females) were recruited to perform open water swimming in 10 °C seawater; while rectal temperature (Tre) and skin temperature (Tskin) were recorded. The results showed that for all participants, Tre was maintained for the first 10–15 min of the swim; and no participants dropped more than 2 °C in Tre during the first 30 min of swimming in 10 °C water. However; according to extrapolations of the results, during a swim time above 135 min; 47% (8/17) of the participants in the present study would fall more than 2 °C in Tre during the swim. The results show that the temperature response to swimming in a wetsuit in 10 °C water is highly individual. However, no participant in the present study dropped more than 2 °C in Tre during the first 30 min of the swim in 10 °C water.

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