Looking back

When looking back into the history of botulism and contemplating the final understanding of the syndrome and the ultimate solutions, there are four facets that stand out clearly. The first is that much of the solution was guided by astute observations, curious travellers, committed veterinarians and particularly farmers themselves who were able to relate the occurrence of the condition to climatic and grazing conditions. Secondly, there was the identification of the osteophagia and pica syndrome which led to the feeding of bone-meal as a successful mitigating measure as well as the establishment that botulism was not due to a plant poisoning. Thirdly, the solution of the problem depended on the integration of experience and knowledge from diverse disciplines such as soil science, animal behaviour and husbandry, nutrition, botany and ultimately advanced bacteriology and the science of immunology. Finally it required the technical advancement to produce toxoids in large quantities and formulate effective aluminium hydroxide precipitated and oil emulsion vaccines.

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The Red Crag Shell Portrait: a Comment on the Report of the Committee

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia ◽

10.1017/s0958841800023115 ◽

1914 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 446-449

Author(s):

Miller Christy

Keyword(s):

British Association ◽

Work Of Art ◽

Long Period ◽

Points Of Interest ◽

History Of

I have read with much interest the Report of the Committee appointed on 12th February, 1913, to examine such evidence as exists bearing upon the question whether the shell from the Red Crag of Walton-on-the-Naze (a single valve of Pectunculus glycimeris which belonged to the late Mr Henry Stopes, and has rude human features engraved upon it) is a genuine work of art of the Crag or pre-Crag period or a modern fabrication; and I desire to offer a few remarks thereon.I may say at the outset that I have been familiar with this very puzzling shell for a long period; for I was present, on the 6th September, 1881, in the Anthropological Section of the British Association, during its Jubilee Meeting at York, when Mr. Stopes exhibited the shell and read an account of its known history. As to the Walton Cliffs and the Red Crag sections appearing therein, I knew them well years before.The Committee has not only examined minutely and discussed fully in its Report the shell itself, the amount of staining it presents, the manner of the cutting of the lines incised upon it, the amount of sand lodged in them, and other points of interest which it presents, but has also enquired exhaustively into the history of the discovery of the shell, so far as this can now be ascertained. It has done all this with an amount of care and thoroughness which deserves high praise.

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“Preamble” to a Constitution for New Confederation of European nations: text and context

Public Administration ◽

10.22394/2070-8378-2021-23-1-51-55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

DAVID ENGELS ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Development ◽

Middle Ages ◽

21St Century ◽

Political Action ◽

Official Position ◽

Political Program ◽

History Of ◽

Key Policy ◽

Looking Back ◽

The Eu

The idea of protecting the European essence from collapse due to modern challenges (migration, terrorism, tensions between the EU and Asia, threats from the Middle East, discord in relations with Russia) is not new and has been discussed many times by many researchers. The author offers his solution for these and many other challenges. His vision of united Europe is offered in the preamble to the Constitution of a new confederation of European nations. This text is not an official position for political action or propaganda. This message is necessary to broaden the horizons for those Europeans who are accustomed to living for the sake of modern realities, without looking back at the great past of Europe. The author sees the solution to the impending challenges of our time in the history of European states, their economic and social development. The author proposes to Europe - if it wants to survive in the 21st century as a civilization, it needs to return to historical values and traditions that shaped it since the Middle Ages, and moreover, sharply reduce Brussels’ tendency towards centralism. Wherein a close partnership should be maintained between European countries in key policy areas. The proposed preamble appears to be a unifying political program that can act as gathering point for politicians and citizens with different views.

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Looking Back at History of Madness

Foucault/Derrida Fifty Years Later ◽

10.7312/columbia/9780231171953.003.0002 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Lynne Huffer

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Critical Race Theory ◽

Critical Race ◽

Race Theory ◽

French Philosophy ◽

History Of ◽

Anglophone World ◽

Looking Back

This essay offers an overview of History of Madness, including its place in Foucault's oeuvre, its publication and translation history. Huffer focuses especially on the significance of History of Madness as an under-read text whose philosophical and historical implications have not yet been adequately explored. She argues that a careful reading of History of Madness on its own terms offers resources for moving beyond some of the impasses that characterize not only twentieth-century French philosophy, but also many of the fields in the Anglophone world—especially feminist, queer, and critical race theory—that arose in the wake of a debate about madness.

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The Origins of the British Association for the Advancement of Science

The British Journal for the History of Science ◽

10.1017/s0007087400012267 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 152-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. D. Orange

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

Present Review ◽

British Association ◽

Critical Events ◽

Natural Philosopher ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

British Science ◽

History Of

That a coherent account of the origins and early history of the British Association for the Advancement of Science has yet to be written is not altogether surprising. Even when the facts of the matter have been retrieved from the scattered papers of Babbage, Brewster, J. D. Forbes, Murchison, John Phillips, Vernon Harcourt, Whewell, and the rest, their organization into a connected whole remains a formidable business. The present paper seeks to identify the roles played in this important chapter in the chronicles of British science by David Brewster (1781–1868), the Scottish natural philosopher, and William Vernon Harcourt (1789–1871), the York clergyman. Inquiries of this kind—into the proper apportioning of the credit for a discovery, a technique, or the rise of an institution—are only saved from sterility if they make possible a better understanding of the critical events. The present review of the origins of the British Association leads to the modest but important conclusion that the organization brought into existence by Vernon Harcourt at York in September 1831 was subtly but significantly different from that which had originally been proposed by Brewster. If this is so, some of the existing accounts of the matter stand in need of revision.

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A Critical Period in American Catholicism

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s0034670500033301 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 523-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jay P. Dolan

Keyword(s):

Cultural Change ◽

Critical Period ◽

American Catholicism ◽

Madison Avenue ◽

The Past ◽

Age Of Discovery ◽

History Of ◽

The City ◽

Looking Back ◽

Area Of Study

Historians are fond of looking back over the panorama of the past and writing about periods of cultural change that altered the continuity of history. The age of discovery and the rise of the city are phrases that describe such pivotal epochs. These are not Madison Avenue-inspired book titles, but legitimate interpretative descriptions of past ages that provide a key to understanding the development of American civilization. Although the history of American Catholicism does not lend itself to such epochal descriptions, interpretative concepts are applicable in this area of study as well and they can provide useful keys to the analysis of the past.

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Looking Back: A Short History of the Discovery of Enzymes and How They Became Powerful Chemical Tools

ChemCatChem ◽

10.1002/cctc.202001107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 6082-6102

Author(s):

Christian M. Heckmann ◽

Francesca Paradisi

Keyword(s):

Short History ◽

History Of ◽

Chemical Tools ◽

Looking Back

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Māori

The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190610029.013.28 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 591-612

Author(s):

Jeanette King

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Language Revitalization ◽

Indigenous Language ◽

Endangered Languages ◽

History Of ◽

Looking Back

Te Reo Māori, the Māori language, the indigenous language of New Zealand, is one of the most well known of the languages classified as being endangered. With revitalization efforts starting in the early 1980s, initiatives such as kōhanga reo (“language nests”) have inspired other indigenous revitalization efforts worldwide. This chapter gives an overview of the history of the decline of the Māori language and charts the development of Māori language revitalization efforts which initially focused on the education and broadcasting sectors. However, since 2000 there has been a concerted focus at both government and tribal levels on strengthening the use of the Māori language in the home and community. Looking back over thirty-five years of revitalization efforts and their many phases this chapter provides information that may be of use in the revitalization efforts of other endangered languages.

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