Studies on the antibacterial activity of Khaya senegalensis [(Desr.) A. Juss)] stem bark extract on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi [(ex Kauffmann and Edwards) Le Minor and Popoff]

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic stem extract of (Wild African nutmeg) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) and some commercially available toothpaste against bacteria isolated from the hidden resident mouth cavity microfora. Bacteria were isolated from swabs of apparently healthy individuals and were identified using Staining procedure biochemical tests and the use of Bergey’s manual of bacteria identification The assay for antibacterial activity of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark extract and the four toothpastes were determined using agar well diffusion method. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sangus, Streptococcus ratti, Stomatococcus mucilaginous., Peptostreptococcus sp., and Streptococcus mutans and the Gram negative bacteria were Veillonella atypical, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar and Acidiaminococcus sp. Oral B toothpaste showed maximum efficacy of inhibition with inhibition zone diameter as wide as 20 mm at 100 mg/ml. Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Close-up) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.13%, Veillonella parvula (10%), Veillonella dispar (12%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(9%), Streptococcus ratti (13%), Veillonella atypical (11%), Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (11%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Oral B toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora reveals Acidaminococcus sp.(11%,) Veillonella dispar (11%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(15%), Streptococcus ratti (11%), Veillonella atypical (8%), Streptococcus sangus (10%), and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (MyMy toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.(12%), Veillonella dispar (9%), Veillonella parvula (8%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(10%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(16%), Streptococcus ratti (9%), Veillonella atypical (15%),Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Olive toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora shows Acidaminococcus sp.(9%), Veillonella dispar (10%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(13%), Streptococcus ratti (10%) ,Veillonella atypical (17%), Streptococcus sangus (7%), and Streptococcus mutans (12%). Pycnanthus Angolensis stem bark extract inhibited the growth of the oral bacterial isolates with of zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 6 mm to 17 mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Secondary metabolite (Phytochemical) screening shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroid, phenol, terpenoid, pyrrolozidine alkaloid, glycoside and cardiac glycoside with glycoside and terpenoid most present. However, anthraquinones and volatile oil were absent. With menial antibacterial activity, P. angolensis can be use in the formulation of herbal toothpaste. It should be advocated that Pycnanthus angolensis should be added to our convention toothpaste to improve the functional ingredient of the toothpaste and Plant-based traditional knowledge has become a recognized tool in search for new sources of drugs. It is clear that the use of these herbal plants can offer a platform for further research.

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Combination therapy of vitamin C and phenolics-rich fraction of Khaya senegalensis stem bark extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection

Synergy ◽

10.1016/j.synres.2017.04.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽

Aliyu Muhammad Musa ◽

Hassanat Taye Tairu ◽

Maryam Kassim ◽

Abubakar Babando Aliyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽

Khaya Senegalensis ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Commiphora kerstingii Engl. Stem Bark Extract

Research Journal of Phytochemistry ◽

10.3923/rjphyto.2008.106.111 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 106-111

Author(s):

A.A. Musa

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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Potency of aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis against liver diseases in rats

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v1i1.57508 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

MS Sule ◽

RB Abdulraheem ◽

BM Aminu

Keyword(s):

Liver Diseases ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Khaya Senegalensis ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract ofKhaya senegalensison Some Biochemical, Haematological, and Histopathological Parameters of Rats

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2013/803835 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Onu ◽

Y. Saidu ◽

M. J. Ladan ◽

L. S. Bilbis ◽

A. A. Aliero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Khaya Senegalensis ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Cellular Integrity ◽

Histological Architecture ◽

Dose Dependent

The subchronic effect of aqueous stem bark extract ofKhaya senegalensison some biochemical, haematological, and histopathological parameters of rats was investigated. The rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Groups I to VI were administered graded doses of 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The result of study revealed that administration of theKhaya senegalensisfor twenty-eight days at the experimental dose resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in urea, electrolytes (Na+, K+), and creatinine levels. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) increased serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALP. The levels of protein, albumin, and bilirubin were significantly changed when compared to their control values, but they were not dose dependent. The hematological indices assayed in this study were not significantly affected at the experimental dose when compared to the control values. Histological studies of the liver showed cellular degeneration and necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatocyte, providing supportive evidence for discussing the biochemical findings, indicative of functional derangement. The histological architecture of the kidney and that of the heart were however preserved. The result of this study indicates that the aqueous stem bark extract ofK. senegalensismay affect the cellular integrity of vital organs of the body.

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Antibacterial effects of black mulberry (Morus nigra) stem bark extract on Streptococcus mutans

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00763 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4399-4402

Author(s):

Diah Lia Aulifa ◽

Sakinah Haque ◽

Hesti Riasari ◽

Arif Budiman

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Morus Nigra ◽

Stem Bark Extract

Secondary metabolite compounds from Morus nigra (MN), has been shown to have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. moreover, phenolics and flavonoids contained in this species are partly responsible for those activities. This study aims to evaluate the mode of action of MN stem bark extract and its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The stem bark of MN was macerated using ethanol as a solvent for 72 h. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the extract were evaluated using Agar diffusion and microdilution methods, by determining the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphological changes induced by the extract. The protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, at a MIC value of 8mg/mL. Furthermore, it discovered via SEM that at 4xMIC, this extract could damage the membrane cell of Streptococcus mutans. Finally, protein and ion leakage were observed in bacterial cells of Streptococcus mutans induced with this extract. MN stem bark extract is a potential herbal medicine, which has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.

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Phytochemical Investigation and Anti-Microbial Activity of Clausena anisata on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1930345 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-25

Author(s):

Ashu Michael Agbor ◽

Kuete Pierre Fotsing ◽

Suzy Hermine Dountio ◽

Ntungwen Charles Fokunang ◽

Sudeshni Naidoo

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Bacteriostatic Activity ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Stem Bark Extract

Clausen aanisata is used in African traditional medicine to treat a variety of infectious and parasitic diseases. Infectious diseases are a major public health problem especially in developing countries where resistance to commonly used antibiotics is growing exponentially. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Clausena anisata on cariogenic and periodonthopatic bacteria. This was a laboratory experimental study using macerated hydroethanolic extracts of the stem and leaves of Clausena anisata in a water-ethanol mixture (30:70) for 48 hours. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, triterpenes and saponosides, these being more abundant in the leaves. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts was evaluated against different clinically isolated strains of three Gram negative (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus mutans and Latobacillusspp) bacteria. Polyphenols found more in the leaves extract was estimated at 62.8 mgTAE/g against 36.8 mgTAE/g in the stem bark extract. The study revealed that the leaves extract had bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on isolated strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan and Fusobacterium nucleatum being the most susceptible with MICs of 50 mg/ml whereas the stem bark showed bacteriostatic activity on all isolated strains with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan being the most susceptible with MIC of 50 mg/ml. The antimicrobial action of the plant could be exploited in formulation of mouth washes and other medications in the management of oral infections like periodontitis and tooth dacay.

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