Coming to Terms with Social Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism

This chapter examines how three masters of the sociological tradition—Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber—came to terms with social life. Two major themes run throughout Marx's work: the first has to do with the effects of the class struggle on the human spirit; the second has to do with the effects of class struggle on human thought and human institutions, a topic he dealt with under the general headings of class consciousness and ideology. The chapter also considers Durkheim's views on the nature of the social order and on the nature of sociology, and more specifically on questions such as those relating to division of labor, suicide, and religious life. Finally, it discusses Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism as well as his thoughts on topics ranging from the nature of sociology to forms of political authority.

scholarly journals “Con los pobres de la tierra quiero yo mi suerte echar…”: la figura del intelectual-lumpen en las obras de Guillermo Rosales y Pedro Juan Gutiérrez

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Cristina Pérez Múgica
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pedro Juan Gutierrez ◽  
Friedrich Engels

This paper presents the analysis of the novel Boarding Home (1987) and the short stories collection Trilogía sucia de La Habana (1998), respectively written by the Cuban writers Guillermo Rosales and Pedro Juan Gutiérrez. These works share an essential characteristic: their authors, who narrate using the first person, became outsiders after a dramatic succession of events. Consequently, they build their discourse from an inner reality forged by all kind of material lack, as well as the exclusion from the models ruling the social order. Taking this as a starting point, the paper studies the often-similar attitudes and careers of both characters in order to establish those features the figure of the intellectual could assume in eccentric domains. Such objective will be achieved by means of different kinds of theoretical support, mainly: the pariah intelligentsia by Max Weber, the infrapolitics concept by James C. Scott and the ideas on lumpen by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Esteem and self-esteem as an interweaving polarity. Max Weber´s analysis from the Protestant ethic to the ideal-type of politician

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Cristiana Senigaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
Conduct Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractAlthough Max Weber does not specifically analyze the topic of esteem, his investigation of the Protestant ethic offers interesting insights into it. The change in mentality it engendered essentially contributed to enhancing the meaning and importance of esteem in modern society. In his analysis, Weber ascertains that esteem was fundamental to being accepted and integrated into the social life of congregations. Nevertheless, he also highlights that esteem was supported by a form of self-esteem which was not simply derived from a good social reputation, but also achieved through a deep and continual self-analysis as well as a strict discipline in the ethical conduct of life. The present analysis reconstructs the different aspects of the relationship between social and self-esteem and analyzes the consequences of that relationship by focusing on the exemplary case of the politician’s personality and ethic.

Grundlegungen der Soziologie

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schluchter
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Emile Durkheim

Die Alternativen soziologischen Denkens Wolfgang Schluchter betrachtet zunächst drei konkurrierende Forschungsprogramme, die er als soziologischen Hegelianismus (Karl Marx), soziologischen Kantianismus (Émile Durkheim) und kantianisierende Soziologie (Max Weber) bezeichnet. In seiner Theoriegeschichte in systematischer Absicht geht er dann sowohl der systemtheoretischen Wende als auch der sprachtheoretischen Wende nach. Erstmals sind beide Teile dieses Grundlagenwerks in einem Band erhältlich.

Augusto Comte revisitado: Positivismo, sociologia e intervenção social

2021 ◽  
pp. e021015
Author(s):  
Renato Cancian
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Emile Durkheim

Nas ciências sociais uma obra clássica é uma referência para as gerações futuras de especialistas que usufruem de suas contribuições teóricas, conceituais, analíticas e metodológicas no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas e permanente aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento. Entre os clássicos da sociologia, em particular os teóricos da fase de surgimento desta ciência social, o pensamento sociológico de Augusto Comte é considerado de menor relevância comparado a Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim e Max Weber. Todavia, ao analisar a trajetória intelectual de Augusto Comte este artigo sustenta que suas teorias e análises foram fundamentais para a constituição e o desenvolvimento ulterior da sociologia.  

Theory in Weberian Marxism: Patterns of Critical Social Theory in Lukács and Habermas

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry F. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Critical Social Theory ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Commodity Fetishism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories

For Weberian Marxists, the social theories of Max Weber and Karl Marx are complementary contributions to the analysis of modern capitalist society. Combining Weber's theory of rationalization with Marx's critique of commodity fetishism to develop his own critique of reification, Georg Lukács contended that the combination of Marx's and Weber's social theories is essential to envisioning socially transformative modes of praxis in advanced capitalist society. By comparing Lukács ‘s theory of reification with Habermas's theory of communicative action as two theories in the tradition of Weberian Marxism, I show how the prevailing mode of “doing theory” has shifted from Marx's critique of economic determinism to Weber's idea of the inner logic of social value spheres. Today, Weberian Marxism can make an important contribution to theoretical sociology by reconstituting itself as a framework for critically examining prevailing societal definitions of the rationalization imperatives specific to purposive-rational social value spheres (the economy, the administrative state, etc.). In a second step, Weberian Marxists would explore how these value spheres relate to each other and to value spheres that are open to the type of communicative rationalization characteristic of the lifeworld level of social organization.

The Ideology of Power in Early American Pentecostalism

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Althouse
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Early American ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pentecostal Theology

AbstractThis essay contends that early American Pentecostalism has been shaped and defined by an underlying ideology of power, moulding its charismatic experiences and theological declarations. To demonstrate this, section one will describe how the ideology of power nourished early Pentecostal theology. Section two will offer an interpretive analysis of the social implications of power using the sociological theories of Max Weber and Emile Durkheim. By way of conclusion I suggest that the ideology of power in early Pentecostalism functions as a hermeneutical key.

A Failure of Modernization: Police Reform, The “Common Good,” and Serfdom In Eighteenth-Century Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-271
Author(s):  
Hugh D. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation

For Russian subjects not locked away in their villages and thereby subject almost exclusively to landlord control, administration in the eighteenth century increasingly took the form of the police. And as part of the bureaucracy of governance, the police existed within the constructions of the social order—as part of social relations and their manifestations through political control. This article investigates the social and mental structures—the habitus—in which the actions of policing took place to provide a better appreciation of the difficulties of reform and modernization. Eighteenth-century Russia shared in the European discourse on the common good, the police, and social order. But whereas Michel Foucault and Michael Ignatieff see police development in Europe with its concern to surveil and discipline emerging from incipient capitalism and thus a product of new, post-Enlightenment social forces, the Russian example demonstrates the power of the past, of a habitus rooted in Muscovy. Despite Peter’s and especially Catherine’s well-intended efforts, Russia could not succeed in modernization, for police reforms left the enserfed part of the population subject to the whims of landlord violence, a reflection, in part, of Russia having yet to make the transition from the feudal manorial economy based on extra-economic compulsion to the capitalist hired-labor estate economy. The creation of true centralized political organization—the creation of the modern state as defined by Max Weber—would require the state’s domination over patrimonial jurisdiction and landlord control over the police. That necessitated the reforms of Alexander II.

The Conception of a Calling in the German Literature of the Middle Ages

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. E. Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
German Sociologist

It is not a matter of mere chance that the conception of a “calling” or “profession” is meeting with special interest in Germany. Several books have been written on the subject, some with the intention of showing that a better understanding of the idea of a “calling” would contribute considerably toward the building up of a new and improved social order. While thus practical and political interests are debating the problem, an attempt to reach the root of the question has been made by the German sociologist, Max Weber, who in his work Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism,1 undertook to answer the question, Why does Protestantism seem to be particularly congenial to the capitalistic type of civilization? According to him, it is the conception of a “calling” as a God-given task, developed by Luther and incorporated into Calvin's religious system, which is responsible for this fact. The word Beruf, English “calling,” itself in its present meaning, originated, he asserts, in Luther's translation of the Bible, and from that source it spread throughout the Germanic world.

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