Responses to digital disinformation as part of hybrid threats: a systematic review on the effects of disinformation and the effectiveness of fact-checking/debunking

The dissemination of purposely deceitful or misleading content to target audiences for political aims or economic purposes constitutes a threat to democratic societies and institutions, and is being increasingly recognized as a major security threat, particularly after evidence and allegations of hostile foreign interference in several countries surfaced in the last five years. Disinformation can also be part of hybrid threat activities. This research paper examines findings on the effects of disinformation and addresses the question of how effective counterstrategies against digital disinformation are, with the aim of assessing the impact of responses such as the exposure and disproval of disinformation content and conspiracy theories. The paper’s objective is to synthetize the main scientific findings on disinformation effects and on the effectiveness of debunking, inoculation, and forewarning strategies against digital disinformation. A mixed methodology is used, combining qualitative interpretive analysis and structured technique for evaluating scientific literature such as a systematic literature review (SLR), following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework.

Digital era 4.0.

This study aims to explain the challenges of teachers in the digital era 4.0 and readiness to face these challenges. Through literature review. The author explains that there are several ways to face challenges education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 through capacity building and teacher skills by playing an active role in school. In addition, this research is to see the role of digital in education and student psychology. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Data was collected by means of observation, interviews, and giving a questionnaire. The analysis technique uses interpretive analysis of the results of activities based on instruments. The results showed that the digital era 4.0 considered important for teachers to master in the 21st century, including the ability of teachers to use digital-based learning media. While the teacher develops psychology, namely the ability to creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, innovation, problem solving, ICT skills, and character.

Necropolítica e as imagens da morte no filme a gente se vê ontem (2019)

O presente artigo reflete os conceitos de necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2017) e wake-work (SHARPE, 2016) partindo do filme A Gente Se Vê Ontem (2019). Através da análise interpretativa das cenas de assassinato e da aproximação com os conceitos revisados, entendemos que a obra utiliza múltiplas visualidades da morte para construir uma ambientação necropolítica. Vislumbramos que a necropolítica se apresenta no filme como uma condição perturbadora da habitação das personagens no tempoespaço, assim como também afeta as vivências negras no mundo em que compartilhamos.Necropolitics and images of death in the film see you yesterday (2019)AbstractThis article reflects the concepts of necropolitics (MBEMBE, 2017) and wake-work (SHARPE, 2016) based on the film See You Yesterday (2019). Through the interpretive analysis of the murder scenes and the approach to the revised concepts, we conclude that the work uses multiple visualities of death to build a necropolitical setting. We glimpse that necropolitics appear not to film as a disturbing condition of the room of personagens not time-space, as well as it also affects black lives in the world in which we share.Keywords: Death scenes; movies; necropolitics; racism; temporality.

Dimensi Etis Iklan, Studi Kasus Pada Iklan Sampo Anti Dandruff dan Iklan Belanja Online di Media Televisi

The ethical dimension related to advertising ethics towards advertisements broadcast on television media often violates the rules. The case study of the Pantene advertisement version of "Anti Drandruf Ads" played by Anggun C. Sasmi and the online shop version of the Shopee advertisement with Korean artist Black Pink were criticized by KPI regarding broadcast hours and their effect on children. The perspective of this research is the ethical dimension by Kevin Johnston and Tanya Robertson, with descriptive qualitative research methods interpretive analysis of advertising criticism. The evaluative finding of advertising art criticism in this study is that the morality of advertising ethics by comparing it with other products orally is still considered reasonable but the advertising dimension is negative. In the case of the Shopee advertisement with the Black Pink artist, it contains elements of sexism that should not be consumed by children.

EXPRESS: How to Go Glocal: Omni-Brand Orientation Framework

The authors develop an omni-brand orientation framework: a bi-dimensional conceptualization that allows global (local) brand elements to coexist alongside local (global) elements in creating a gloCal brand. Based on an interpretive analysis of interviews with 50 top executives, the authors offer new insights into building and succeeding as a gloCal brand. The study finds global brands trying to become gloCal by building and nurturing local authenticity. The building blocks of local authenticity are brand image local connection, local iconness, local insights, and originality. Local brands, in turn, try to become gloCal by achieving global acceptance, a perception identified closely with global brands. The building blocks of global acceptance are perceived brand globalness, innovation, product performance quality, and global brand power. Based on follow-up interviews with nineteen executives, the study dives deeper into the drivers of success and conceptualizes a GloCal Success Cycle, which identifies components and strategies that enable brands to win both globally and locally.

An Insight into Discourse Tact and Acts: An Analysis of a Case Study of a Spontaneous Argumentative Conversation

This case study investigated the discourse features and acts used in an argumentative conversation. The study employed purposive sampling method to gather data, and drew on a cell phone audio-recording of a series of authentic conversation. The data were analyzed through interpretive analysis technique. The results of the analysis reveal an authentic argumentative conversation appears more of interactional rather than transactional. The finding indicates how discourse articulates the ethical, ideological and family or social ties. It mirrors how the different linguistic features and speech acts performed influence the nature of a conversation and how the participants engaged in the conversation tried to respect maxims of politeness, relations, manners, quality and quantity to have safe and sound interaction. This implies discourse is not only constructed using different linguistic features and speech acts, but also it echoes the beliefs, feelings, cultural perspectives, social norms and relations of participants using different language functions.

Synchronous and Asynchronous in Online Teaching and Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Students' Perspectives

One of the main changes that occurred after the coronavirus outbreak and that represents one of the main measures taken in order to limit the virus spread refers to the conversion of the educational activities conducted conventionally into activities implemented by means of online platforms. The transition was sudden, unexpected and it still can be indefinitely prolonged. The main approaches encountered in the context of online education are asynchronous and synchronous ones. Our paper contains the results of an interpretive analysis of the opinions expressed by a group of 37 undergraduate students on asynchronous and synchronous online educational activities. We considered their opinions relevant due to the fact that since they started their studies at the university in October 2020, they conducted exclusively online activities. We explored students’ preferences and limitations of the both approaches, but also their wishes for the next period. Students expressed their interest in keeping online asynchronous and synchronous activities for the future academic years, at least for part of their subjects.

Психофізіологічний патерн емоції презирства: актуалізація інваріантних ознак в українській фразеології

The Psychophysiological Pattern of the Emotion of Scorn: Actualisation of Invariant Features in Ukrainian PhraseologyThis article analyses the specifics of the physiological and expressive-behavioural complex of the emotion of scorn in Ukrainian phraseology in the light of psychology of emotions, emotionology, linguoculturology, evaluative semantics and axiophraseological pragmatics. The study considers the emotion of scorn in its psychological diversity as exemplified in phraseological units expressing scorn in Ukrainian. The methods applied to analyse a phraseological unit include component analysis, contextual and interpretive analysis, and parametric analysis of semantic structure with a focus on the evaluative and emotive components. Psychofizjologiczny wzorzec uczucia pogardy. Aktualizacja cech inwariantnych we frazeologii ukraińskiejNiniejszy artykuł analizuje specyfikę fizjologicznego i ekspresyjno‑behawioralnego kompleksu uczucia pogardy we frazeologii ukraińskiej w świetle psychologii emocji, emocjonologii, lingwokulturologii, semantyki wartościującej i pragmatyki aksjofrazeologicznej. Przedmiotem badań jest uczucie pogardy w jej psychologicznej różnorodności na przykładzie jednostek frazeologicznych wyrażających pogardę w języku ukraińskim. Zastosowane metody analizy jednostki frazeologicznej obejmują analizę komponentów, analizę kontekstualną i interpretacyjną oraz analizę parametryczną struktury semantycznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem komponentów ewaluacyjnych i emotywnych.

Japanese Soft Power in Indonesia on Anime Entitled Ufo Baby: Study of Popular Culture

Anime as Japanese popular culture has been successfully consumed by mass in many countries. It indicates that Japan's strategy to make anime one of its soft power has been successfully accepted by the world community. In Indonesia, since anime entered the television, the enthusiasm given by the community has been good and positive. Anime is liked by various circles, especially children, even today. Ufo Baby is one of the shows on RCTI, even though it's not as global as Doraemon, for example, but apart from an interesting storyline, this anime also incorporates many elements of Japanese culture. The aim of this study is to explain the soft power of Japan in Indonesia on anime entitled “Ufo Baby”. The research method uses a qualitative approach with interpretive analysis. The researched part is scenes from anime that contain cultural elements. The approach used is John Storey's cultural theory and Nye Joseph's theory of soft power. Data collection was conducted to examine the influence of Japanese culture on Indonesian society by using interview techniques. The results of this study reveal that in the Ufo Baby anime there are elements of soft power culture used by Japan. From the results of research, the culture shown in anime has an influence on Indonesian society marked by the community's participation in celebrating traditional Japanese festivals and the discovery of many typical Japanese goods sold in local shops.

Becoming a global nurse: A thematic and interpretive analysis of bachelor's theses at the Swedish Red Cross University College

The overall purpose of this study was to initiate the process of developing a comprehensive theoretical framework associating the three entities defining the Swedish Red Cross University College (SRCUC): global nursing, global health and Red Cross and Red Crescent's perspective (RCRC). To do so, an analysis of nursing bachelor's theses over two periods (2011–2012 and 2015–2016) was initially needed to capture the academic essence. Two specific aims were defined: 1) To describe how global nursing and global health, in conjunction with the RCRC perspective, were addressed and contextualized in nursing bachelor's theses; and 2) To investigate how students’ knowledge in global awareness and vision has developed over time. Two overarching themes were identified: Conceptualizing caring relations and moving towards the body of global awareness and Understanding the art of nursing and ethics in complex nursing actions. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. By promoting relevant knowledge, the SRCUC prepares future nurses for upcoming health needs at the planetary level.