Friction and Lubrication in the Deformation Processing of Metals : 1st Report, Quantitative Assessment of the Surface Texture of Materials being deformed under Rigid Tool

Surface texture of tribological interfaces has the potential to improve friction and lubrication performance of various mechanical components. This review paper emphasizes on the current status of the research of surface texture, including the features, the effects on tribological performance, the forming techniques, and the modeling and simulation of surface texture. It is intended to help readers to gain a more comprehensive view on surface texture of tribological interfaces.

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Insight into friction and lubrication performances of surface-textured cylinder liners and piston rings

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/14680874211050286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146808742110502

Author(s):

Kai Ma ◽

Zhiwei Guo ◽

Chengqing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Contact Resistance ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Lubrication Mechanism ◽

Piston Rings ◽

Oil Storage ◽

Cavitation Effect ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Friction And Lubrication

The effects of surface-texture technology on the friction and lubrication mechanism of cylinder liner-piston rings (CLPR) were explored in this study. An inclined groove texture was machined on the CL of a S195 diesel engine and dimples designed on the gas ring. Friction and wear tests of nontextured (NT), CL textured (CLT), and PR textured (PRT) conditions were performed on a CLTR friction and wear tester under different temperatures. First, the characteristics of friction and lubrication at different temperatures were analyzed by examining friction and contact resistance. Then, the wear characteristics were analyzed by examining surface morphology parameters of the CL and the PR wear mass after testing. Finally, the friction and lubrication mechanisms of NT, CLT, and PRT were studied by analyses of real-time friction and contact resistance in one cycle. The results showed that, under the same temperature, CLT and PRT increased oil film thickness, improved the lubrication state, and reduced friction, with CLT better than PRT in these respects. With increased temperature, the wear degree of CL liners became larger. The existence of surface texture reduced CL wear, yielded CL surface morphology not excessively changed by temperature, and improved its supporting performance and oil storage capacity. The inlet suction effect, structural effect, micro-wedge action, balancing wedge action, squeezing effect, and cavitation effect should be taken into account together when exploring the mechanism of the influence of surface texture on friction pairs. This study provided a method for scholars to explore the friction and lubrication mechanism of different texture types and provided an experimental basis for improving the performance of CLPR friction pairs.

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Technological Parameters Forming the Surface Texture in Hyper Productive Surface Plastic Deformation Processing

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 746 ◽

pp. 114-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sergey N. Grigoriev ◽

N.M. Bobrovskij ◽

I.N. Bobrovskij ◽

Cho-Pei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Plastic Deformation ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Processing Time ◽

High Strength ◽

Surface Plastic Deformation ◽

Surface Plastic ◽

Deformation Processing ◽

Productive Surface

The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. To determine the optimal WB processing parameters single and double instrumental devices were implemented and tested. Specimens made of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 were tested. Initial roughness of steel 40 specimen’s surface was Ra = 0.5 microns and high-strength cast iron was Ra = 0.85 microns. Results of surface texture parameters of processed parts such as surface roughness Ra of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 under varying load values P and number of cycles (the number of workpieces revolutions during the period of burnishing) were acquired. It was established that the minimum Ra value of the processed surface correspond with values of P = 210 N/mm2 for steel 40 and P = 410 N/mm2 for high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 regardless of number of burnishing cycles. Plastic deformation mechanism (processing time and pressure on the surface) influences on the processed surface roughness formation. It is possible to assume that straining state forms at the optimal values of P in terms of achieving a minimum value of Ra in which the reached degree of hardening allows to minimize the height of the microscopic irregularities of the previous grinding processing. In this case there is no plastic flow of the metal surface layer.

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Friction and Lubrication of the Metal-Tool Interface in Metal Forming Processes : 2nd Report, Surface Texture and Coefficient of Friction

Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers ◽

10.1299/kikai1938.33.1302 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 33 (252) ◽

pp. 1302-1308

Author(s):

Yasuo KASUGA ◽

Katsumi YAMAGUCHI ◽

Katsuhito KATO

Keyword(s):

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Surface Texture ◽

Metal Forming ◽

Friction And Lubrication

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Paper 30: Review of Surface Texture Measurement and the Associated Metrological Problems

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Conference Proceedings ◽

10.1243/pime_conf_1967_182_331_02 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 182 (11) ◽

pp. 330-343

Author(s):

E. Green

Keyword(s):

Surface Texture ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Texture Measurement ◽

Relative Roughness ◽

Electronic Circuitry ◽

Different Types ◽

The Many ◽

Physical Phenomena

A brief review is presented of the physical phenomena (optical, capacitance, conductance, absorption, pneumatic, and hydraulic) which have been utilized in the various types of instruments developed to express, by means of a single index, the relative roughness of different specimens. The readings taken with such instruments are normally functions of the three-dimensional characteristics of the surface under test but, since they are of an empirical nature, there is little or no correlation between measurements made with the different types of instruments. Instruments measuring in two dimensions and recording in absolute units of length have been universally accepted. The most popular instrument is the stylus tracer type with electronic amplification of the stylus movement. The output of these devices is dependent on factors that have been standardized by the manufacturers (electronic circuitry, the form of stylus, etc.) and other elements, the characteristics of which are not uniform for all instruments (stylus support and mounting, etc.). Reference is made to the basic datum to which the readings of tracer instruments refer, the envelope line and the centre line, and the different parameters currently advocated as presenting an adequate means of describing and forming a quantitative assessment of the surface under test. The use of digital computer techniques for eliminating the many analogue devices necessary for the evaluation of the different parameters is explained.

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