scholarly journals 915 Influences of temperature gradient and change in cross-sectional area on propagation of acoustic waves in a looped tube

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014.89 (0) ◽  
pp. _9-14_
Author(s):  
Taku MIYAMOTO ◽  
Nobumasa SUGIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

A three-microphone acoustic reflection technique using transmitted acoustic waves in the airway

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Fujimoto ◽  
Jyongsu Huang ◽  
Toshiharu Fukunaga ◽  
Ryo Kato ◽  
Mari Higashino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Wave Tube ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Acoustic Reflection ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
And Function

The acoustic reflection technique noninvasively measures airway cross-sectional area vs. distance functions and uses a wave tube with a constant cross-sectional area to separate incidental and reflected waves introduced into the mouth or nostril. The accuracy of estimated cross-sectional areas gets worse in the deeper distances due to the nature of marching algorithms, i.e., errors of the estimated areas in the closer distances accumulate to those in the further distances. Here we present a new technique of acoustic reflection from measuring transmitted acoustic waves in the airway with three microphones and without employing a wave tube. Using miniaturized microphones mounted on a catheter, we estimated reflection coefficients among the microphones and separated incidental and reflected waves. A model study showed that the estimated cross-sectional area vs. distance function was coincident with the conventional two-microphone method, and it did not change with altered cross-sectional areas at the microphone position, although the estimated cross-sectional areas are relative values to that at the microphone position. The pharyngeal cross-sectional areas including retropalatal and retroglossal regions and the closing site during sleep was visualized in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The method can be applicable to larger or smaller bronchi to evaluate the airspace and function in these localized airways.

scholarly journals A new nasal acoustic reflection technique to estimate pharyngeal cross-sectional area during sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1457-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huang ◽  
N. Itai ◽  
T. Hoshiba ◽  
T. Fukunaga ◽  
K. Yamanouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
New Method ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Reflection ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Airway Model

The conventional acoustic reflection technique in which acoustic waves are launched through the mouth cannot be applied during sleep, nor can it be applied to the nasopharynx, which is the major site of occlusion in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We propose a new technique of nasal acoustic reflection to measure pharyngeal cross-sectional areas including the nasopharynx. The acoustic waves are introduced simultaneously to both nostrils during spontaneous nasal breathing. A new algorithm takes into account the nasal septum with asymmetric nasal cavities on both sides and assumes prior knowledge of the cross-sectional area of the nasal cavities and the position of the nasal septum. This method was tested on an airway model with a septum and on healthy human subjects. The conventional technique gave inaccurate measurements for pharyngeal cross-sectional areas for an airway model with asymmetric branching, whereas the new technique measured them almost perfectly. The oro- and hypopharyngeal cross-sectional area measurements acquired by the new method were not different from those obtained by the conventional method in normal subjects. This new method can be used as a monitor of upper airway dimensions in nocturnal polysomnography.

scholarly journals О скорости термомиграции жидких цилиндрических включений в кристалле в стационарных тепловых условиях

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
С.И. Гармашов
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Interfacial Energy ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nonmonotonic Dependence ◽  
Sectional Shape

Based on model ideas about the cross-sectional shape of a liquid cylindrical inclusion migrating through a crystal under the action of a temperature gradient in the case of the stationary thermal conditions, the dependences of the velocity and cross-sectional shape of the inclusion on its cross-sectional area have been calculated and analyzed for different values of the specific interfacial energy, the degree of its anisotropy, and the degree of difficulty of interface processes. The possibility of a nonmonotonic dependence of the velocity of the cylindrical inclusion on the area and thickness of its cross section has been shown.

Image Reconstruction of Blockage in the Continuous and Stepped Pipelines by Noninvasive Acoustic Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1640-1643
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Jung ◽  
S.I. Cho ◽  
Young Tae Kim ◽  
C.U. Cheong ◽  
Ho Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Transmission Pipeline

The image of a semi-circular blockage and location in the uniform and stepped pipe was reconstructed by measuring the eigen-frequency shift of the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies of multi-sine acoustic waves. In this study we have used different boundary conditions from previous works of Wu and Fricke [1] and De Salis and Oldham [2] to determine the blockage cross-sectional area and position. The results agreed with real fractional cross sectional area and position in the both continuous and stepped pipes. New approach showed a better quality of reconstructed image with small ripple number and the false dummy blockage signal was also reduced. The present method of blockage image reconstruction is a noninvasive nondestructive and can meet the integrity evaluation implementation for all types of transmission pipeline

Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
M. B. Hurtig ◽  
H. R. Sukhiani
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ROD’S CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA USING VIBRATION EIGENFREQUENCIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
I.M. UTYASHEV ◽  
◽  
A.A. AITBAEVA ◽  
A.A. YULMUKHAMETOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Elastic Fixation ◽  
Crosssectional Area

The paper presents solutions to the direct and inverse problems on longitudinal vibrations of a rod with a variable cross-sectional area. The law of variation of the cross-sectional area is modeled as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n . The method for reconstructing this function is based on representing the fundamental system of solutions of the direct problem in the form of a Maclaurin series in the variables x and λ. Examples of solutions for various section functions and various boundary conditions are given. It is shown that to recover n unknown coefficients of a polynomial, n eigenvalues are required, and the solution is dual. An unambiguous solution was obtained only for the case of elastic fixation at one of the rod’s ends. The numerical estimation of the method error was made using input data noise. It is shown that the error in finding the variable crosssectional area is less than 1% with the error in the eigenvalues of longitudinal vibrations not exceeding 0.0001.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

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