scholarly journals The Spice For Hypertension: Protective Role of Curcuma Longa

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1829-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Fang Leong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Health Complications

Untreated hypertension is a major cause for a wide array of diseases affecting cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of hypertension. The impairment between the balance of antioxidants and pro-oxidants contributes to the elevation of blood pressure. Over generation of free radicals produces a decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide. Eventually, this will cause a rise in total peripheral resistance and lead to endothelial dysfunction. Noticeable symptoms are usually experienced when hypertension enters the advanced stage with lifelong health complications. Hypertensive patients are required to take medications for indefinite period of time to prevent further deterioration. Many of these therapeutic agents are costly and associated with unwanted side effects. Curcuma longa (CL) or turmeric is one of the alternative herbs which confers medicinal properties. This review aims to summarise the effects of CL and its active constituents on blood pressure derived from preclinical and clinical published articles. Studies documented that CL and its active constituents could reduce blood pressure. These were achieved by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, calcium (II) ion concentration interference, β2-adrenergic receptor activation, and renin-angiotensin system inhibition. There is a prospect for CL in the management of hypertension. However, limited researches of CL have been conducted on human. Thus, more well-planned studies should be carried out to ascertain its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Nigella sativaand Its Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Hypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Fang Leong ◽  
Mohd Rais Mustafa ◽  
Kamsiah Jaarin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Artery Disease

Hypertension increases the risk for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. The increase in oxidative stress has been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. Increase of blood pressure is due to an imbalance between antioxidants defence mechanisms and free radical productions. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species reduces nitric oxide bioavailability leading to an endothelial dysfunction and a subsequent increase in total peripheral resistance. Hypertension can cause few symptoms until it reaches the advanced stage and poses serious health problems with lifelong consequences. Hypertensive patients are required to take drugs for life to control the hypertension and prevent complications. Some of these drugs are expensive and may have adverse reactions. Hence, it is timely to examine scientifically, complimentary therapies that are more effective and with minimal undesirable effects.Nigella sativa(NS) and its active constituents have been documented to exhibit antioxidant, hypotensive, calcium channel blockade and diuretic properties which may contribute to reduce blood pressure. This suggests a potential role of NS in the management of hypertension, and thus more studies should be conducted to evaluate its effectiveness.

Haemodynamic Profile of Angiotensin II Antagonism in Essential Hypertensive Patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 119s-121s
Author(s):  
S. N. Hunyor ◽  
H. Larkin ◽  
Janet Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Heart Rate Effect

1. The haemodynamic response to antagonistic (10 μg min−1 kg−1) and agonistic (40 μg min−1 kg−1) doses of saralasin was studied in young essential hypertensive patients. Blood pressure behaviour alone was thought to be inadequate to describe the response pattern. 2. Pre-saralasin setting of the renin-angiotensin axis was varied with salt intake (15 and 290 mmol of Na+/day) each for 10 days. This failed to influence blood pressure or plasma volume. 3. Antagonist blockade after low salt lowered blood pressure in three patients with the highest plasma renin values. Cardiac output rose in two of these, but it dropped in all others. 4. Decreases in cardiac output occurred with both doses of saralasin and even with suppression of the renin-angiotensin axis. This response is therefore unlikely to be due to removal of myocardial or venous angiotensin effects. 5. The renin-angiotensin system played a part in maintenance of blood pressure only with severe salt restriction and in a small proportion of cases. 6. No heart rate effect was seen with saralasin. 7. Blood pressure and total peripheral resistance responses were dependent on pre-(antagonist/ agonist) setting, but heart rate and cardiac output were not influenced by this factor.

Reversal of renovascular hypertension: role of the renal medulla

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Swales ◽  
R. F. Bing ◽  
M. E. Edmunds ◽  
G. I. Russell ◽  
H. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

The fall in blood pressure, which occurs when renovascular hypertension is corrected surgically, offers a means of elucidating the factors responsible for blood pressure control. When Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat is reversed by unclipping the renal artery, or by removal of the ischaemic kidney, restoration of normal blood pressure is due to a fall in peripheral resistance. This is associated with sodium retention and cannot be modified by inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system. The fall is, however, partially inhibited by chemical removal of the renal medulla by means of 2-bromo-ethylamine hydrobromide. When normal rats are chemically medullectomized, moderate hypertension is produced, which cannot be attributed to the renin–angiotensin system or sodium retention. It is concluded that a renomedullary vasodepressor system is ablated by chemical medullectomy: further, this system plays a role in the surgical correction of Goldblatt hypertension.

scholarly journals Nox4 Maintains Blood Pressure during Low Sodium Diet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Flávia Rezende ◽  
Pedro Felipe Malacarne ◽  
Niklas Müller ◽  
Birgit Rathkolb ◽  
Martin Hrabě de Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sodium Handling

The NADPH oxidase Nox4 is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing enzyme, with the highest expression in the kidney. As the kidney is involved in volume and blood pressure control through sodium handling, we set out to determine the impact of a low sodium diet on these parameters in WT and Nox4-/- mice. Nox4 expression in the murine kidney was restricted to the proximal tubule. Nevertheless, low-sodium-induced weight loss and sodium sparing function was similar in WT and Nox4-/- mice, disputing an important function of renal Nox4 in sodium handling. In contrast, a low sodium diet resulted in a reduction in systolic blood pressure in Nox4-/- as compared to WT mice. This was associated with a selectively lower pressure to heart-rate ratio, as well as heart to body weight ratio. In general, a low sodium diet leads to activation of sympathetic tone and the renin angiotensin system, which subsequently increases peripheral resistance. Our observations suggest that the control by this system is attenuated in Nox4-/- mice, resulting in lower blood pressure in response to low sodium.

Combination ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers for Hypertension

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M Finnegan ◽  
Brenda L Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blocker ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor

OBJECTIVE: To review data concerning combined angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy for hypertension. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–April 2003), IPA (1970–April 2003), and EMBASE (1974–April 2003) with search terms of ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, essential hypertension, and combination therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS: ACE inhibitors provide incomplete blockade of the renin–angiotensin system, sometimes leading to loss of blood pressure control. Addition of ARBs may in theory further reduce blood pressure. Studies of combined ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy for managing hypertension were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: While studies have shown statistically significant blood pressure reductions with ACE/ARB combination therapy, clinical significance is lacking. Further trials are needed before routine use of the combination can be recommended.

Effects of converting-enzyme inhibitor on hemodynamic actions of ANP in renal hypertensive rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. R365-R369
Author(s):  
M. G. Salom ◽  
F. J. Fenoy ◽  
A. C. Ingles ◽  
L. Martinez ◽  
T. Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

In the present study, we have evaluated whether the hemodynamic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion in two-kidney, one-clip (2K, 1C) hypertensive rats are mediated by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Hemodynamic determinations were performed by thermodilution in conscious, chronically instrumented animals. ANP (1.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and converting-enzyme (CE) inhibitor captopril (1 mg/kg plus 1 mg.kg-1.h-1), produced a similar fall of blood pressure through different hemodynamic mechanisms. ANP induced hypotension by decreasing cardiac index (CI; from 337.3 +/- 24.9 to 255.1 +/- 21.3 ml.min-1.kg-1, P less than 0.001), whereas a fall in total peripheral resistance (TPR) was observed during CE inhibition (from 0.568 +/- 0.02 to 0.488 +/- 0.02 mmHg.min.ml-1.kg, P less than 0.05). In addition, the ANP-induced decrease in CI was not significantly modified by previous CE inhibition. Furthermore, the decrease in TPR induced by CE inhibition did not change when CE inhibitor was administered during ANP treatment. The results of the present study indicate that the acute hemodynamic responses to ANP in 2K, 1C hypertensive rats are not mediated through antagonism of the vasoconstrictor actions of the RAS.

scholarly journals Eicosanoid Inflammatory Mediators Are Robustly Associated with Blood Pressure in the General Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonatan Palmu ◽  
Jeramie D. Watrous ◽  
Kysha Mercader ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Kim A. Lagerborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

AbstractEpidemiological and animal studies have associated systemic inflammation with blood pressure (BP). However, the mechanistic factors linking inflammation and BP remain unknown. Fatty acid derived eicosanoids serve as mediators of inflammation and have been suggested to also regulate renal vascular tone, peripheral resistance, renin-angiotensin system, and endothelial function. We therefore hypothesize that specific pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids are linked with BP. We studied a population sample of 8099 FINRISK 2002 participants randomly drawn from the Finnish population register (53% women, mean age 48±13 years) and, for external validation, a sample of 2859 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring study participants (55% women, mean age 66±9 years). Using non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we profiled 545 distinct high-quality eicosanoids and related oxylipin mediators in plasma. Adjusting for conventional hypertension risk factors, we observed 187 (34%) metabolites that were significantly associated with systolic BP (P < Bonferroni-corrected threshold of 0.05/545). We used forward selection linear regression modeling in FINRISK to define a general formula for individual eicosanoid risk score. Individuals of the top risk score quartile in FINRISK had a 9.0 mmHg (95% CI 8.0-10.1) higher systolic BP compared with individuals in the lowest quartile in fully adjusted models. Observed metabolite associations were consistent across FINRISK and FHS. In conclusion, plasma eicosanoids demonstrate strong associations with BP in the general population. As eicosanoid compounds affect numerous physiological processes that are central to BP regulation, they may offer new insights regarding pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Eicosanoid Inflammatory Mediators Are Robustly Associated With Blood Pressure in the General Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonatan Palmu ◽  
Jeramie D. Watrous ◽  
Kysha Mercader ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Kim A. Lagerborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

Background Epidemiological and animal studies have associated systemic inflammation with blood pressure (BP). However, the mechanistic factors linking inflammation and BP remain unknown. Fatty acid–derived eicosanoids serve as mediators of inflammation and have been suggested to regulate renal vascular tone, peripheral resistance, renin‐angiotensin system, and endothelial function. We hypothesize that specific proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory eicosanoids are linked with BP. Methods and Results We studied a population sample of 8099 FINRISK 2002 participants randomly drawn from the Finnish population register (53% women; mean age, 48±13 years) and, for external validation, a sample of 2859 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Offspring study participants (55% women; mean age, 66±9 years). Using nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, we profiled 545 distinct high‐quality eicosanoids and related oxylipin mediators in plasma. Adjusting for conventional hypertension risk factors, we observed 187 (34%) metabolites that were significantly associated with systolic BP ( P <Bonferroni‐corrected threshold of 0.05/545). We used forward selection linear regression modeling in FINRISK to define a general formula for individual eicosanoid risk score. Individuals of the top risk score quartile in FINRISK had a 9.0 (95% CI, 8.0–10.1) mm Hg higher systolic BP compared with individuals in the lowest quartile in fully adjusted models. Observed metabolite associations were consistent across FINRISK and FHS. Conclusions Plasma eicosanoids demonstrate strong associations with BP in the general population. As eicosanoid compounds affect numerous physiological processes that are central to BP regulation, they may offer new insights about the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

Mindfulness Training Helps to Reduce Blood Pressure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nyklicek ◽  
P. M. C. Mommersteeg ◽  
S. Van Beugen ◽  
C. Ramakers ◽  
G. J. Van Boxtel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Mindfulness Training
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