A 24-Hour Air Sample Collection System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Janni ◽  
N Akdeniz ◽  
D R Schmidt ◽  
L D Jacobson ◽  
B P Hetchler
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Schuck ◽  
Katharina Meixner ◽  
Peter van Velthoven ◽  
Simon O’Doherty ◽  
Martin Vollmer ◽  
...  

<p>Synthetic halocarbons are used for a wide range of applications, for example air conditioning or foam blowing. Many of them are long-lived greenhouse gases contributing to climate change and, in addition, may contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion if containing chlorine or bromine. Therefore, their production and use are regulated by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. These long-lived halocarbons are increasingly replaced by a fourth generation of unsaturated short-lived halocarbons, the hydrochlorofluoroolefines (HCFOs) and hydrofluoroolefines (HFOs). The main removal process of these compounds in the atmosphere is reaction with OH radicals, and their average lifetimes are of the order of up to a few tens of days.</p><p>As part of the IAGOS-CARIBIC instrument package we operate an automated air sample collection system during regular flights in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. At altitudes around 10-12 km, samples are collected in stainless steel and glass flasks at predefined times. Post-flight laboratory analyses include gas chromatography - mass spectrometry measurements of a wide range of halocarbons. The short-lived compounds HFO-1234ze(E) and HCFO-1233zd(E) were detected in a small number of samples, indicating that these compounds are sufficiently long lived for transport into the upper troposphere. There were not found in stratospheric samples.</p><p>At this altitude, low abundance of OH and low temperatures may slow down chemical decay, and tracer lifetimes may increase significantly. Based on average temperatures and OH abundance, we estimate local lifetimes of HFO-1234ze(E) and HCFO-1233zd(E)  in the mid-latitudes of up to 75 days and 200 days, respectively. Short-lived H(C)FOs reaching the upper troposphere could thus be transported over large distances and their degradation products may be deposited  far from their emission sources.</p>


1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Columbus ◽  
H J Palmer

Abstract A rationale is offered and methodology illustrated for integrating the fundamental steps involved in the collection and processing of blood for laboratory evaluation. The approach taken in the development of these concepts and components greatly extends the possibilities of laboratory systems integration without upsetting established modalities. A prototype design of the integrated blood-collection system integrates blood collection, cellular separations, sample transfer to stable storage without chemical mediators, and sample presentation for chemical analysis (e.g., precision metering) while preserving patient identification. A sophisticated, multi-chambered blood-collection container is the site of all blood sample processing and transfer steps. This device is supported by a compact, robotic centrifuge of unique design and a transfer mechanism to facilitate sample delivery for analysis within a diagnostic instrument. The confluence of these individual components into a single integrated system provides the means to completely automate the processing of blood samples, after sample collection, eliminating all manual transfer steps and any external exposure of blood interfaces outside the diagnostic instrument. Configurational derivatives of the Integrated Blood-Collection System offer choice of skin or venipuncture procedure, rapid plasma extraction for micro- or macro-collected volumes, and sample delivery by either aspiration or direct metering of discrete 10-microL samples from the collection container. The skin-puncture configuration provides the opportunity within a single device to collect and process up to 500 microL of sample by capillarity from a skin prick.


Author(s):  
Kamonasish Mistry ◽  
Biplab Biswas ◽  
Siwen Zhang ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Belli ◽  
Thiago Felski Pereira ◽  
Alex Luciano Roesler Rese

The multiplication of harmful microalgae in bivalve mollusc fishingregions is a problem that has repercussions for both fishermenand for the economy of the affected region, as these microalgaeproduce toxins that affect humans, ranging from gastrointestinalproblems to, in more extreme cases, cancer that can lead to thedeath of the consumer. Currently, in Santa Catarina, the water isanalyzed to identify the presence of toxins by the Integrated Companyof Agricultural Development of Santa Catarina (CIDASC). Thepresence of toxins in the water creates a temporary embargo onthe sale of mollusks. This embargo usually produces great loss inthe bivalve mollusc culture as far as all the production needs do bediscarded. This work creates a sample collection system that canbe performed by growers rather than experts for the acquisition ofthose samples. These work aims to create an easy-to-use systemenabling the mariculturist to sample water. The purposed processallows the acceleration of the sample collection and analysys. Themanual process needs an expert to come to the field, collect samples,document the samples and take to the lab to analyze. In thisstudy we created an embedded system for sample collection thatautomated the collect field data and link to a image collected bya portable microscope and when a wifi connection is detected itsends the sample to a data server.


1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Vreman ◽  
L K Kwong ◽  
D K Stevenson

Abstract We examined the sensitive assay for carboxyhemoglobin based on reaction with K3Fe(CN)6 and gas chromatography of the liberated CO. Our improvements included increased baseline stability, shorter analysis time, and simpler standardization. EDTA-containing Vacutainer Tubes (lavender-stoppered) increase the carboxyhemoglobin content of blood stored in them. The carboxyhemoglobin content of blood stored in capillary tubes containing solid heparin and saponin remained stable for two weeks. Using our improved procedures, we measured the carboxyhemoglobin content of blood from adults and neonates collected via venipuncture or heel or fingersticks. We observed no significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin content of blood obtained by venipuncture or heel stick for premature infants, 0.19 +/- 0.04 vs 0.18 +/- 0.03 mL of CO per 100 mL of blood, respectively (mean +/- SD). Nonsmoking adults (n = 19) had CO values (mean +/- SD) of 0.19 +/- 0.03 and 0.17 +/- 0.04 mL per 100 mL of blood, and smoking adults (n = 7) gave CO values of 0.96 +/- 0.49 and 0.91 +/- 0.49 mL/dL, for venipuncture and fingerstick, respectively.


2013 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. S119-S124
Author(s):  
John Jelinski ◽  
Linnea Wahl ◽  
Thomas Donovan

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