GEOSS: an intelligent methodology for identifying site suitability of air sample collection

Synthetic halocarbons are used for a wide range of applications, for example air conditioning or foam blowing. Many of them are long-lived greenhouse gases contributing to climate change and, in addition, may contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion if containing chlorine or bromine. Therefore, their production and use are regulated by the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. These long-lived halocarbons are increasingly replaced by a fourth generation of unsaturated short-lived halocarbons, the hydrochlorofluoroolefines (HCFOs) and hydrofluoroolefines (HFOs). The main removal process of these compounds in the atmosphere is reaction with OH radicals, and their average lifetimes are of the order of up to a few tens of days.As part of the IAGOS-CARIBIC instrument package we operate an automated air sample collection system during regular flights in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. At altitudes around 10-12 km, samples are collected in stainless steel and glass flasks at predefined times. Post-flight laboratory analyses include gas chromatography - mass spectrometry measurements of a wide range of halocarbons. The short-lived compounds HFO-1234ze(E) and HCFO-1233zd(E) were detected in a small number of samples, indicating that these compounds are sufficiently long lived for transport into the upper troposphere. There were not found in stratospheric samples.At this altitude, low abundance of OH and low temperatures may slow down chemical decay, and tracer lifetimes may increase significantly. Based on average temperatures and OH abundance, we estimate local lifetimes of HFO-1234ze(E) and HCFO-1233zd(E)&#160; in the mid-latitudes of up to 75 days and 200 days, respectively. Short-lived H(C)FOs reaching the upper troposphere could thus be transported over large distances and their degradation products may be deposited&#160; far from their emission sources.

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A 24-Hour Air Sample Collection System

10.13031/2013.29940 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

K A Janni ◽

N Akdeniz ◽

D R Schmidt ◽

L D Jacobson ◽

B P Hetchler

Keyword(s):

Sample Collection ◽

Collection System ◽

Air Sample

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Techniques for the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2021-0055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Shanmugasundaram Shyamalagowri ◽

Natarajan Shanthi ◽

Jagadeesan Manjunathan ◽

Murugesan Kamaraj ◽

Arumugam Manikandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emerging Contaminants ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Environmental Matrices ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Soil Sediment ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Air Sample ◽

Detection And Quantification

Abstract In recent years, the diverse industrial practices and human inputs widely disseminated emerging contaminants (ECs) throughout environmental matrices, which is of great concern. Even at low concentrations, ECs pose major ecological problems and threaten human health and the environment’s biota. Consequently, people’s interest and concerns on the widespread dissemination of environmentally connected ECs of great concern as developed due to their scientific understanding, technical innovation, and socioeconomic awareness. Increased detection of contaminants may occur from climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic changes and the growing sensitivity of analytical techniques. Hence, this article reviews the determination of ECs in ecological specimens, from aquatic setup (river water, marine water, and wastewater), sludge, soil, sediment, and air. Sample collection and the quality measures are summarized. The preparation of samples, including extraction and cleanup and the subsequent instrumental analysis of ECs, are all covered. Traditional and recent extraction and cleanup applications to analyze ECs in samples are reviewed here in this paper. The detection and quantification of ECs using gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) linked with various detectors, particularly mass spectrometry (MS), is also summarized and explored, as are other possible techniques. This study aims to give readers a more excellent knowledge of how new and improved approaches are being developed and serve as a resource for researchers looking for the best method for detecting ECs in their studies.

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The Division of No 1304 Face in Tangkou Coal Mine and a Case Analysis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 868 ◽

pp. 347-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Min Cheng ◽

Shan Shan Zhao ◽

Gang Wang

Keyword(s):

Temperature Change ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Temperature Sensor ◽

Spontaneous Combustion ◽

Case Analysis ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Air Sample ◽

Prone Location

Based the analysis of the “3 zones” theory and index of spontaneous combustion in the mined out area, six measured points under which there are air sample collection probe and temperature sensor measuring the air composition and temperature of the mined out area of No 1304 face are arranged along both crossheadings of the mined out area in order to divide the “3 zones” of spontaneous combustion with the combination of the mining situation of No 1304 face in Tangkou coal mine. This present study mainly measures and analyzes the concentration of O2 and the temperature change and takes advantage of the Matlab and Excel to fit the concentration of O2 to determine the range of “3 zones”of spontaneous combustion in NO. 1304 face. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO is also measured and analyzed to determine the most prone location to fire of No. 1304.

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Spatiotemporal variations of the δ(O2/N2), CO2 and δ(APO) in the troposphere over the Western North Pacific

10.5194/acp-2021-787 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shigeyuki Ishidoya ◽

Kazuhiro Tsuboi ◽

Yosuke Niwa ◽

Hidekazu Matsueda ◽

Shohei Murayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Western North Pacific ◽

Interannual Variation ◽

Transport Model ◽

Atmospheric Transport ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Seasonal Cycles ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Marine Biological ◽

Air Sample

Abstract. We analyzed air samples collected onboard a cargo aircraft C-130 over the western North Pacific from May 2012 to March 2020 for atmospheric δ(O2/N2) and CO2 amount fraction. We corrected for significant artificial fractionation of O2 and N2 caused by thermal diffusion during the air sample collection by using the simultaneously-measured δ(Ar/N2). The observed seasonal cycles of the δ(O2/N2) and atmospheric potential oxygen (δ(APO)) varied nearly in opposite phase to that of the CO2 amount fraction at all latitudes and altitudes. Seasonal amplitudes of δ(APO) decreased with latitude from 34 to 25° N, as well as with increasing altitude from the surface to 6 km by 50–70 %, while those of CO2 amount fraction decreased by less than 20 %. By comparing the observed values with the simulated δ(APO) and CO2 amount fraction values generated by an atmospheric transport model, we found that the seasonal δ(APO) cycle in the middle troposphere was modified significantly by a superposition of the northern and southern hemispheric seasonal cycles due to the inter-hemispheric mixing of air. The simulated δ(APO) underestimated the observed interannual variation in δ(APO) significantly, probably due to the interannual variation in the annual mean air-sea O2 flux. Interannual variation in δ(APO) driven by the net marine biological activities, obtained by subtracting the assumed solubility-driven component of δ(APO) from the total variation, indicated a clear evidence of influence on annual sea-to-air (air-to-sea) marine biological O2 flux during El Niño (La Niña). By analyzing the observed secular trends of δ(O2/N2) and CO2 amount fraction, global average terrestrial biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes for the period 2012–2019 were estimated to be (1.8 ± 0.9) and (2.8 ± 0.6) Pg a−1 (C equivalents), respectively.

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Global Research Alliance N 2 O chamber methodology guidelines: Recommendations for air sample collection, storage, and analysis

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.1002/jeq2.20129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1110-1125

Author(s):

M. J. Harvey ◽

P. Sperlich ◽

T. J. Clough ◽

F. M. Kelliher ◽

K. L. McGeough ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Collection ◽

Air Sample ◽

Research Alliance ◽

Global Research

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Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 3991-3999

Author(s):

Benjamin van der Woerd ◽

Min Wu ◽

Vijay Parsa ◽

Philip C. Doyle ◽

Kevin Fung

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Voice Quality ◽

Data Sets ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Environment Analysis ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Recording Conditions ◽

Cepstral Peak Prominence

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice. Method A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency ( f o ), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic ( n = 10) and normal ( n = 10), male ( n = 5) and female ( n = 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male ( n = 12) and female ( n = 12) speakers evaluated. Results The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges. Conclusions Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.

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Issues in Language Sample Collection and Analysis With Children Using AAC

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac23.2.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gail Van Tatenhove

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Language Production ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Language Sample Analysis ◽

Language Sample

Language sample analysis is considered one of the best methods of evaluating expressive language production in speaking children. However, the practice of language sample collection and analysis is complicated for speech-language pathologists working with children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. This article identifies six issues regarding use of language sample collection and analysis in clinical practice with children who use AAC devices. The purpose of this article is to encourage speech-language pathologists practicing in the area of AAC to utilize language sample collection and analysis as part of ongoing AAC assessment.

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Concerning the Representativeness of Psychiatric Catamnestical Studies - The Influence of Various Approach Strategies on the Response of Former Patients

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635462 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 171-175

Author(s):

I. Steinhart ◽

G. Bosch ◽

Th. Muhr ◽

E. Mohlfeld

Keyword(s):

Total Population ◽

Social Psychiatry ◽

Personal Contact ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Careful Planning ◽

Research Project ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Registration Procedure

SummaryThe possible conclusions reached by catamnestical studies are often significantly restricted because of the lack of representativeness of the sample. The example of an investigation of former patients of the Department of Social Psychiatry proves that positive responses to an interview are influenced by various factors. As expected, patients were more inclined to participate in the research project the closer their discharge was to the time of the project itself. Further, it became clear that various different approach strategies, such as letters, enquiries with the registration authorities, phone calls and house visits, effectively increased the motivation of former patients, and that only this kind of graded registration procedure guarantees motivation leading to a sample representative of the total population. Personal contact plays an especially important role. These empirical findings indicate the necessity of careful planning and implementation of sample collection in catamnestical studies. Without this approach, representative results cannot be expected.

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GEOSS: an intelligent methodology for identifying site suitability of air sample collection