Field Evaluations of Application Techniques for Fungicide Spray Deposition on Wheat and Artificial Targets

R. C. Derksen;  P. A. Paul;  H.E. Ozkan;  H. Zhu

doi:10.13031/2013.41485

Evaluating Insecticide Application Techniques to Control Aphids in Vegetable Leaf Crops

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.5.4.317 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 317-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Celeste Welty ◽

Sandra Alcaraz ◽

H. Erdal Ozkan

Keyword(s):

Green Peach Aphid ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Hollow Cone ◽

Insecticide Application ◽

Major Species ◽

Aphid Control ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Moisture Sensitive ◽

Leaf Lettuce ◽

Good Coverage

Insecticide application techniques were evaluated to find the most effective way to spray contact insecticides to control aphids on leaf crops under field conditions. A hydraulic boom sprayer was tested with several nozzle types, nozzle positions, and pressures, and compared with an electrostatic sprayer and a controlled droplet applicator (CDA). Spray deposition in the canopy and drift were evaluated with moisture-sensitive cards. Trials were conducted on collards and red leaf lettuce in 1989, mustard greens in 1990, and turnip greens in 1991. Green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] was the major species in all trials. Among hydraulic boom treatments in all trials, aphid control was not significantly different when insecticide applied at 60 psi (414 kPa) was delivered by hollow cone, twin flat-fan, or standard flat-fan nozzles mounted directly on the boom. In most trials, hollow cones were more effective when mounted on drop pipes and directed sideways into rows than when mounted on the boom and directed over rows. Hollow cone nozzles used at 150 psi (1035 kpa) vs. 60 psi did not control aphids significantly better, but higher pressure caused significantly more drift. Contact insecticide applied by an electrostatic sprayer controlled aphids somewhat less satisfactorily than by a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Insecticide applied by a CDA controlled aphids the same as by a hydraulic boom sprayer but with slightly less drift. The desired objective of maximum aphid control, good coverage of downward-facing surfaces in the canopy, and minimum drift was most consistently provided by the hydraulic boom sprayer with hollow cone nozzles on drop pipes directed sideways into the canopy using a pressure of 60 psi.

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Comparing Spray Gun and Spray Boom Applications in Two Ivy Crops with Different Crop Densities

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.1.51 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dieter Foqué ◽

Jan G. Pieters ◽

David Nuyttens

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Spray Application ◽

Adaxial Side ◽

Crop Density ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Spray Distribution ◽

Greenhouse Growers ◽

Spray Gun

Flemish greenhouse growers predominantly use handheld spray guns and lances for their crop protection purposes despite the heavy workload and high risk for operator exposure associated with these techniques. These spray application techniques have also shown to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions. Handheld spraying techniques are less expensive, however, and they are more flexible in practical use. Many growers also erroneously believe that high spray volumes and pressures are needed to assure good plant protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spray deposition, penetration, and uniformity between a manually pulled horizontal spray boom as compared with a spray gun under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study, we evaluated six spray application techniques, i.e., three spray boom and three spray gun techniques. In general, the deposition results were comparable between the spray boom and the spray gun applications. The spray boom applications, however, resulted in a more uniform spray distribution. At the plant level, the spray distribution was not uniform for any of the techniques used; the highest deposits were observed on the upper (or adaxial) side of the top leaves. Using spray guns at a higher spray pressure did not improve spray penetration in the canopy or deposition on the bottom (or abaxial) side of the leaves. Of the different nozzle types tested on the spray boom, the extended range flat fan XR 8003 gave the best results. Crop density clearly affected crop penetration and deposition on the bottom side of the leaves.

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Air-assisted boom sprayer and spray deposition on bean plants

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000200002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 211-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernando Cesar Bauer ◽

Carlos Gilberto Raetano

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Control Level ◽

Randomized Experiment ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Pesticide Application ◽

Crop Pest ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Low Volume

The development of safe pesticide application techniques with low volume rates, frequency and spray drift, along with the need to obtain better control level of crop pest control levels, justify the air-assistance in boom sprayers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the spray deposition on bean plants with different nozzles and volume rates by air-assisted and non-assisted sprayers. A completely randomized experiment was carried out using copper oxide as a tracer (50% metalic copper) for deposit evaluation. The artificial targets were fixed on the upper and under-side of the leaflets, at the top and lower third of the same plants under the spray boom. After application, targets were washed individually with an extracting solution of nitric acid (1.0 mol L-1). The tracer deposition on the artificial targets was quantified by atomic absorption spectrofotometry. The effects of air-assisted spray were not significant in relation to spray deposition 48 days after emergence of the bean plants.

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News Soybean Sowing Arrangements on Spray and Control of Asian Rust

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Diego M. de Souza ◽

Leidiane C. Carvalho ◽

Marina M. Carvalho ◽

Regiane C. O. de F. Bueno ◽

Carlos G. Raetano

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

The Vertical Distribution ◽

Number Of Branches

Asian soybean rust (ASR) is one of the most severe diseases of the soybean crop, and the use of fungicides is the main form of control. Among the updates of soybean production system is adoption of new sowing arrangements. However are still incipient the studies to combine soybean sowing arrangements and pesticide spraying techniques on phytosanitary treatments on this crop. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the impact of different soybean sowing arrangements on spraying, ASR control, agronomic parameters and yield. The experimental design was randomized blocks in the subdivided plots scheme, with five sowing arrangements and two application techniques (with and without adjuvant). The spray deposition and coverage levels, the vertical distribution of leaves in the plants on different sowing arrangements, were evaluated the ASR disease severity and the productivity. Spraying is not affected by sowing arrangements. The adjuvant increased spray coverage. The vertical distribution of the leaves and number of branches in the soybean plants is affected by the sowing arrangement. The disease severity and yield were not affected by sowing arrangements.

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Spray deposition assessment using different application techniques in artificial orchard trees

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2014.06.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 187-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Dekeyser ◽

D. Foqué ◽

A.T. Duga ◽

P. Verboven ◽

N. Hendrickx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Deposition ◽

Application Techniques

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Spray deposition and losses in potato as a function of air-assistance and sprayer boom angle

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162006000600001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 515-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fábio Scudeler ◽

Carlos Gilberto Raetano

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Deposition ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Random Block ◽

Application Techniques ◽

Random Block Design

Within the Brazilian agricultural scene, the potato crop plays a significant economic role. Modern equipment and the development of improved chemical product application techniques contribute toward the constant search for improved revenue from the potato as a crop. Field experiments were carried out in a random block design of a potato crop of the "Ágata" variety. The aim was to evaluate the effect of air assistance combined to different angles of spray application on the chemical deposition on the potato plant, as well as to assess spray losses to the soil. For this a sprayer with and without boom air assistance was used in the experiments. Boom angles of 0º, +30º and -30º were directed to a vertical position as well as forward and backward movements. The trial plants were sprayed at a volume rate of 400 L ha-1 using JA-4 hollow cone nozzles at 633 kPa and copper oxychloride as a tracer for the deposit evaluation. Trace deposits on both surfaces of leaflets were removed by washing with destilled water and were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spray losses were measured by placing plastic measuring collectors between rows. The deposit levels at different positions in the plant were analyzed by the Hotelling T² statistical test. Larger deposits were detected at both upper and lower positions of the plant when the spray boom was positioned at 0º and +30º in the presence of air assistance. The presence of air, in addition to the increasing spray deposits in the lower parts of the plant, helped to create greater distribution uniformity. Spray loss was below 4%.

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