Forces on Monitoring Cables during Grain Bin Filling and Emptying

Abstract. Monitoring the temperature of stored grain with permanent cables suspended from the bin roof is common practice in commercial grain storage and is sometimes used in on-farm grain storage bins. Knowledge of the forces imparted on the cables by flowing grain is required for proper design of cables, connection hardware, and bin roofs, but there is little data in the literature for full size bins. To determine forces on different cable sizes and configurations, five different cable designs were tested during filling and emptying of wheat and corn. Two concrete storage bins, 4.6-m diameter and 25-m maximum depth, were used with cables suspended from the center of the bin or suspended 0.6 m from the sidewall. The bottom ends of the cables were weighted, but were not fully restrained. Forces on the cables were monitored during filling and emptying of the bins. Forces during emptying usually exhibited slip-stick behavior. The greatest forces were during emptying, where forces were often double those during filling, with vertical forces up to 4.7 kN for the largest cable. Both peak and average forces for bin emptying were significantly larger than corresponding forces for bin filling. Results showed no effect of grain type (corn or wheat) while cable size had significant effects on peak and average force in most cases. Keywords: Corn, Design load, Force, Grain bin, Temperature monitoring cable, Wheat.

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Contributing Factors to Engulfments in On-Farm Grain Storage Bins

Journal of Agromedicine ◽

10.1300/j096v09n01_06 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 39-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Douglas M. Kingman ◽

Gail R. Deboy ◽

William E. Field

Keyword(s):

Grain Storage ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

On Farm ◽

Storage Bins

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On-Farm Grain Storage and Challenges in Bagmati Province, Nepal

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7959

Author(s):

Pragya Kandel ◽

Kabita Kharel ◽

Anastasia Njoroge ◽

Bradley W. Smith ◽

Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Storage ◽

Insect Damage ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Important Challenge ◽

Storage Methods ◽

Postharvest Management ◽

On Farm ◽

Home Consumption

Farmers in Nepal lose up to one-third of stored grain to pests and diseases. This results in food insecurity and loss of income. To mitigate these losses, farmers use several approaches including pesticide applications on stored grains. We interviewed 241 farmers in Bagmati Province, Nepal, to assess the current on-farm grain storage practices and challenges to improve postharvest management. The results show that rice was the most stored crop (median 1150 kg). About half of farmers stored for at least nine months and grain was mainly used for home consumption. Grain was stored by 66.5 and 69.8% of farmers in granaries (rice) and plastic drums (legumes), respectively. Insects were the most important challenge during storage, and farmers used pesticides to control them. Farmers were more likely to use insecticide on grain (p = 0.000) if they stored rice, used traditional granaries, and had insect damage during storage. The use of improved storage methods (e.g., hermetic bags) was very low for rice (3.5%). There is a need to improve on-farm grain storage by disseminating storage innovations to address postharvest challenges in important crops such as rice.

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Pack Factor Measurements for Corn in Grain Storage Bins

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.58.11033 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 879-890

Keyword(s):

Grain Storage ◽

Storage Bins

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Current Grain Storage and Safety Practices of Ohio Cash Grain Operators

Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health ◽

10.13031/jash.12574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 127-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yang Geng ◽

S. Dee Jepsen

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Grain Storage ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Engineering Controls ◽

Outreach Programs ◽

Agricultural Injuries ◽

Safety Risks ◽

On Farm ◽

Storage Facilities

Abstract. Hazards associated with grain storage facilities are a contributing factor to agricultural injuries and are a perpetual problem for Ohio farmers, especially as on-farm grain storage facilities continue to grow in popularity with producers. To establish effective injury prevention programs, safety professionals must first understand how the industry operates, the culture of the workers, and the current practices used to avoid injuries. This research project was designed to bridge the gap between what is currently known about the hazards that exist on Ohio’s farms, specifically how safety and health information is incorporated at the grain handling and storage facilities. Using a four-part survey, 182 cash grain operators, comprising a convenience sample of farmers attending educational events, were surveyed to determine the type of grain storage and handling facilities used on their farms, the occurrence of out-of-condition grain, and the health and safety factors practiced at these facilities, including their knowledge about potential hazards. Results indicated that the farmers preferred to get safety knowledge from a course or seminar (53.6%) or by reading a magazine or periodical (38.8%). The surveyed farmers indicated that they had higher knowledge of the safety risks of out-of-condition grain than of the health effects from exposure to out-of-condition grain (p < 0.01). They identified personal protective equipment (PPE) as their primary measure to prevent injuries, with the top PPE items being respirators, safety glasses, hearing protection, and gloves. Farmers who encountered out-of-condition grain reported more employees on their farms compared to the other farmers in the sample and reported higher use of PPE. While these results cannot be generalized to Ohio’s entire population of cash grain farmers, they provide a good understanding of the on-farm grain storage and management practices, which will allow a more targeted intervention plan, both in better engineering controls and in future outreach programs. Keywords: Grain storage, PPE use, Health, Safety.

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Design of Full-Size Temperature Monitoring Device of Cable Joint Based on Low-Power Bluetooth Technology

Instrumentation and Equipments ◽

10.12677/iae.2019.72013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 86-97

Author(s):

恒刘

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Temperature Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Device ◽

Full Size

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Dealing With Deadstock: A Case Study of Carnivore Conflict Mitigation From Southwestern Alberta

Frontiers in Conservation Science ◽

10.3389/fcosc.2021.786013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea T. Morehouse ◽

Courtney Hughes ◽

Nora Manners ◽

Jeff Bectell ◽

Jesse Tigner

Keyword(s):

Average Cost ◽

Online Survey ◽

Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Non Profit ◽

Program Costs ◽

On Farm ◽

Compost Facility ◽

Conflict Mitigation

Livestock deaths are an unfortunate reality for livestock producers and dead livestock (i.e., deadstock) disposal options can have implications beyond the ranch itself. In Alberta, Canada, natural disposal (i.e., disposing of the carcass in a manner that allows for scavenging) has increased since the 2003 detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Canadian cattle. Prior to BSE, rendering companies removed deadstock for free. However, rendering companies started charging producers to remove deadstock to offset costs associated with new regulatory requirements enacted by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, which has resulted in increased on-farm natural disposal of deadstock. This increase has ecological implications because deadstock are a major attractant for large carnivores. Carnivores feeding on deadstock are often near other agricultural attractants such as stored grain and feed, silage, and living livestock, which can exacerbate conflict potential and pose a risk to human safety. To help mitigate conflicts associated with deadstock, the Waterton Biosphere Reserve's (a local non-profit) Carnivores and Communities Program (CACP) supported expansion of community deadstock removal efforts beginning in 2009, including reimbursement of on-farm removal costs, bear-resistant deadstock bins, and a livestock compost facility (operational 2013–2014). Here, we present an evaluative case study describing the development, implementation, and results of the deadstock removal program, including the compost facility. We tracked the number of head of livestock removed each year, the number of participating landowners, the average cost per head, and total program costs. We also used an online survey to assess participants' perspectives of the deadstock removal program and future needs. To date, the CACP has removed >5,400 livestock carcasses, representing between 15.1 and 22.6% of available carcasses in the program area, and 67.3% of livestock owners indicated they currently use the deadstock removal program to dispose of deadstock. Average cost to compost an animal was significantly less than other removal methods ($36.89 composting vs. $79.59 non-composting, one-tailed t-test, unequal sampling variances: t = 4.08, df = 5.87, p = 0.003). We conclude by discussing both ecological and social implications for deadstock removal as a conflict mitigation measure and make suggestions for future management considerations.

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