scholarly journals Assessment of Spring Potential for Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study in Lesser Himalayas

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Kumar ◽  
Sumit Sen
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use

HighlightsSpring flows are the primary source of water for rural Himalayan communities.An attempt was made to understand the potential of spring discharge as an alternative irrigation source.Improved management of resources is vital to account for agricultural water use.Managing water resources is a collective endeavor for achieving water security.Abstract.With increasing population and restricted water and land resources, there is a growing concern for better planning of the available water and land resources. In the mountainous regions or mountains, there is limited land with uncertain water availability as the rainfall patterns pose a major threat to the livelihood of the people. Therefore, it becomes necessary to quantify and manage the available water resources in a sustainable way. People in the Himalayas are mainly dependent on the springs for drinking water, but not much attention has been dedicated to the development and conservation of these springs. A spring in the Tehri-Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state of India, has been continuously monitored to quantify the available water for domestic use and agriculture. In this study, an attempt is made to understand the potential of a spring for agricultural water use by evaluating the crop water requirement and potential improved strategies to increase the water productivity. Analysis proves that crop evapotranspiration is higher (946-1062 mm) for crops with extended duration (165-180 days) as compared to evapotranspiration (92.91 mm) of short duration (60 days) crops. The total water requirement for major crops in the area is 6411.35 mm and the monitored spring has the potential to supplement this water requirement. Adopting the system of rice intensification to increase the rice yield (by 49%), increases the water productivity. The sensitivity analysis of benefit to cost suggests that, an increase in the crop yield by 30% can increase the revenue in the study area by Rs.3687197, which is 217% more than the input costs. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the available water and area for irrigation to achieve the global water security for increasing population. Further, utilizing springs as potential irrigation sources will support rural community in meeting domestic water requirement and achieving environmental sustainability. Findings of this study will help in planning and implementing management strategies that are resilient in the face of future changes and improve the economic condition of farmers. Keywords: Crop evapotranspiration, Himalaya, Optimization, Sensitivity analysis, Spring.

scholarly journals Agro-Economic Water Productivity-Based Hydro-Economic Modeling for Optimal Irrigation and Crop Pattern Planning in the Zarrine River Basin, Iran, in the Wake of Climate Change.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Emami ◽  
Manfred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use

For water-stressed regions like Iran improving the effectiveness and productivity of agricultural water-use is of utmost importance due to climate change and unsustainable demands. Therefore, a hydro-economic model has been developed here for the Zarrine River Basin with the central concept of that demands are value-sensitive functions, where quantities of water-uses at different locations and times have a changeable economic benefits. To do this, the potential crop yields and the surface and groundwater resources, especially Boukan Dam inflow are simulated using the hydrologic model, SWAT, based on predicted climatic scenarios i.e. quantile mapping-downscaled projections. Then, to allocate the agricultural water based on the agro- economic crop water productivity (AEWP) of crops, a basin-wide water management tool, MODSIM, is customized. Next, a simulation- optimization model has been developed using a coupled CSPSO-MODSIM, to optimize the total AEWP, considering climatic impact and crop pattern scenarios, for 2020-2038, 2050-2068 and 2080-2098 periods. Finally, the optimum crop pattern and crop water irrigation depths are presented for different RCPs and periods. The results indicated that this approach will improve considerably the AEWPs and decrease the agricultural water-use up to 40%. Thus, this integrated model is able to support water authorities and other stakeholder in a water-scarce basin, as is the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Northwest China—Based on a Super-DEA Model and a Spatial Panel Econometric Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Weinan Lu ◽  
Wenxin Liu ◽  
Mengyang Hou ◽  
Yuanjie Deng ◽  
Yue Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Improving agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is an important way to solve the shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. This study used the Super-DEA (data envelopment analysis) to measure the AWUE of 52 cities in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018. Based on spatial and temporal perspectives, it applied Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to explore the dynamic evolution and regional differences of AWUE. A spatial econometric model was then used to analyze the main factors that influence the AWUE in Northwest China. The results showed firstly that the overall AWUE in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 presented a steady upward trend. However, only a few cities achieved effective agricultural water usage by 2018, and the differences among cities were obvious. Secondly, AWUE showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation in Northwest China and showed significant high–high and low–low agglomeration characteristics. Thirdly, economic growth, urbanization development, and effective irrigation have significant, positive effects on AWUE, while per capita water resource has a significant, negative influence. Finally, when improving the AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions, plans should be formulated according to local conditions. The results of this study can provide new ideas on the study of AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions and provide references for the formulation of regional agricultural water resource utilization policies as well.

scholarly journals Socio-hydrological drivers of agricultural water use in small reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ogilvie ◽  
Jeanne Riaux ◽  
Sylvain Massuel ◽  
Mark Mulligan ◽  
Gilles Belaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Small Reservoirs ◽  
Agricultural Water Use

Embodied agricultural water use in China from 1997 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 3176-3184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Guo ◽  
Geoffrey Qiping Shen ◽  
Yi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use

Impact assessment of climate change and human activities on GHG emissions and agricultural water use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yihe Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Means Of Production

<p>The agriculture sector is one of the largest users of water and a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The development of low-GHG-emission and water-conserving agriculture will inevitably be the trend in the future. Because of the physiological differences among crops and their response efficiency to external changes, changes in planting structure, climate and input of production factors will have an impact on regional agricultural water use and GHG emissions. This paper systematically analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of crop planting structure, climate, and production factor inputs in Heilongjiang Province, the main grain-producing region of China, from 2000 to 2015, and quantified the regional agricultural water use and GHG emissions characteristics under different scenarios by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) increased by 15% due to the change in planting structure. A large increase in the proportion of rice and corn sown was the main reason. During the study period, regional climate change had a positive impact on the water- saving and emission reduction of the agricultural industry. The annual water demand per unit area decreased by 19%, and the GWP decreased by 12% compared with that in 2000. The input of fertilizer and other means of production will have a significant impact on GHG emissions from farmlands. The increase in N fertilizer input significantly increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, with a 5% increase in GWP. Agricultural water consumption and carbon emissions are affected by changes in climate, input of means of production, and planting structure. Therefore, multiple regulatory measures should be taken in combination with regional characteristics to realize a new layout of planting structure with low emissions, water conservation, and sustainability.</p>

scholarly journals Blending Satellite Data to Monitor Agricultural Water Use

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Quality Assessments

A new technique that merges data gathered by multiple satellites can be used to monitor agricultural water use and improve water quality assessments around the globe.

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