Short Communication: The detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes from Sumba and Sorong districts, Indonesia

Abstract. Munirah M, Wahid I, Hamid F, Wahyuni S. 2021. Short Communication: The detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes from Sumba and Sorong districts, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2680-2684. Malaria is heading for elimination in 2030, but the disease remains prevalent in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a vector other than Anopheles that is potentially responsible for malaria transmission in the country's endemic areas. The mosquitoes were trapped by Kelambu trap, collected using a mouth aspirator, and stored in a tube containing silica gel. They were also examined microscopically following O'Connor identification keys, and Nested PCR was used to detect Plasmodium DNA. The number of mosquitoes collected from two areas was 1.336. In Sumba (Gaura village) district, 493 mosquitoes were captured, and the dominant genus was Anopheles (58.6%), followed by Culex (31%), Armigeres (9.9%), Aedes (0.2%), and Lutzia (0.2%). Among 843 mosquitoes collected from Sorong (Aimas), Culex was 98.9%, followed by Aedes (0.8%) and Anopheles (0.2%). The result of nested PCR found two An. sundaicus from Sumba carried Plasmodium which belongs to P. falciparum and P. vivax species (0.14%). Although we did not detect the presence of Plasmodium in mosquitoes other than the genus Anopheles, in this study, we found Anopheles species that have never previously been reported from the area, namely An. bailey and An. barbirostris from Papua and An. nivipes in West Sumba.

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Isolation and identification of microflora from the midgut and salivary glands of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-019-1456-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abib Berhanu ◽

Adugna Abera ◽

Desalegn Nega ◽

Sindew Mekasha ◽

Surafel Fentaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Endemic Areas

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Short Communication: Sequence Analysis of the First HTLV-I Infection in Germany without Relations to Endemic Areas

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses ◽

10.1089/aid.1998.14.1199 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 1199-1203 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

HEINZ ELLERBROK ◽

CAROLA FLEISCHER ◽

MARCO SALEMI ◽

PETER REINHARDT ◽

WOLF-DIETER LUDWIG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Short Communication ◽

Endemic Areas

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Low Frequency of Anti-Plasmodium Falciparum Circumsporozoite Repeat Antibodies and Rate of High Malaria Transmission in Endemic Areas of Rondonia State in Northwestern Brazil

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.720 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 720-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira ◽

Claudio Daniel-Ribeiro ◽

Clovis R. Nakaie

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Endemic Areas

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The environmental Risk Factors Significant to Anopheles Species Vector Mosquito Profusion, P.falciparum, P.vivax Parasite Development, and Malaria Transmission, Using Remote Sensing and Gis: Review Article

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.37506/ijphrd.v12i4.16539 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Remote Sensing And Gis ◽

Review Article ◽

Parasite Development ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Vector Mosquito ◽

Species Vector

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Meta-analysis of variable-temperature PCR technique performance for diagnosising Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans in endemic areas

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0010136 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0010136

Author(s):

Meng-Tao Sun ◽

Man-Man Gu ◽

Jie-Ying Zhang ◽

Qiu-Fu Yu ◽

Poppy H. L. Lamberton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Likelihood Ratio ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Endemic Areas

Background As China is moving onto schistosomiasis elimination/eradication, diagnostic methods with both high sensitivity and specificity for Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans are urgently needed. Microscopic identification of eggs in stool is proven to have poor sensitivity in low endemic regions, and antibody tests are unable to distinguish between current and previous infections. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies for the detection of parasite DNA have been theoretically assumed to show high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. However, the reported performance of PCR for detecting S. japonicum infection varied greatly among studies. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the overall diagnostic performance of variable-temperature PCR technologies, based on stool or blood, for detecting S. japonicum infections in humans from endemic areas. Methods We searched literatures in eight electronic databases, published up to 20 January 2021. The heterogeneity and publication bias of included studies were assessed statistically. The risk of bias and applicability of each eligible study were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool (QUADAS-2). The bivariate mixed-effects model was applied to obtain the summary estimates of diagnostic performance. The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve was applied to visually display the results. Subgroup analyses and multivariate regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. This research was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42021233165). Results A total of 2791 papers were retrieved. After assessing for duplications and eligilibity a total of thirteen publications were retained for inclusion. These included eligible data from 4268 participants across sixteen studies. High heterogeneity existed among studies, but no publication bias was found. The pooled analyses of PCR data from all included studies resulted in a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83 to 0.96), specificity of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.94), positive likelihood ratio of 5.90 (95% CI: 2.40 to 14.60), negative likelihood ratio of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.20) and a diagnostics odds ratio of 58 (95% CI: 19 to 179). Case-control studies showed significantly better performances for PCR diagnostics than cross-sectional studies. This was further evidenced by multivariate analyses. The four types of PCR approaches identified (convention PCR, qPCR, Digital droplet PCR and nested PCR) differed significantly, with nested PCRs showing the best performance. Conclusions Variable-temperature PCR has a satisfactory performance for diagnosing S. japonicum infections in humans in endemic areas. More high quality studies on S. japonicum diagnostic techniques, especially in low endemic areas and for the detection of dual-sex and single-sex infections are required. These will likely need to optimise a nested PCR alongside a highly sensitive gene target. They will contribute to successfully monitoring endemic areas as they move towards the WHO 2030 targets, as well as ultimately helping areas to achieve these goals.

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