Diversity of Anopheles
 species and trophic behavior of putative malaria vectors in two malaria endemic areas of northwestern Thailand

Abstract Background : Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras. Methods : Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collectionmethods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results : A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians , An. vestitipennis , and An. neivai are reported in this study. Conclusions : Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.

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Anopheline fauna and incriminatory malaria vectors in malaria endemic areas on Lombok Island, Indonesia

Medical Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.7601/mez.60.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yoshihide MAEKAWA ◽

Yoshio TSUDA ◽

Yoes P. DACHLAN ◽

Subagyo YOTOPRANOTO ◽

I. Komang GERUDUG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Vectors ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Lombok Island

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Isolation and identification of microflora from the midgut and salivary glands of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-019-1456-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abib Berhanu ◽

Adugna Abera ◽

Desalegn Nega ◽

Sindew Mekasha ◽

Surafel Fentaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Endemic Areas

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Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Honduras in an elimination setting

10.21203/rs.2.24779/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denis Escobar ◽

Krisnaya Ascencio ◽

Andrés Ortiz ◽

Adalid Palma ◽

Gustavo Fontecha

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

Endemic Areas

Abstract Background: Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras. Methods: Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collection methods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results: A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians, An. vestitipennis, and An. neivai are reported in this study.Conclusions: Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.

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Impact of sugarcane irrigation on malaria vector Anopheles mosquito fauna, abundance and seasonality in Arjo-Didessa, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37850/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Assalif Demissew Shifera ◽

Dawit Hawaria ◽

Solomon Kibret ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Arega Tsegaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Anopheline Mosquito ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Mosquito Abundance ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Although irrigation activities are increasing in Ethiopia, limited studies evaluated their impact on malaria vector mosquito composition, abundance and seasonality. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of sugarcane irrigation on species composition, abundance and seasonality of malaria vectors. Methods : Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps from three irrigated and three non-irrigated clusters in and around Arjo-Didessa sugarcane irrigation scheme in southwestern Ethiopia. Mosquito collections were conducted in four seasons: two wet and two dry, in 2018 and 2019. Mosquito species composition, abundance and seasonality were compared between irrigated and non-irrigated clusters. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified to species using morphological keys and An. gambiae s.l to sibling species using PCR. Chi-square was used to analyze the association between Anopheles species occurrence and environmental and seasonal parameters. Results: Overall, 2,108 female Anopheles mosquitoes comprising of six species were collected. Of these, 92.7% (n=1954) were from irrigated clusters and 7.3% (n=154) from the non-irrigated. An. gambiae s.l was the most abundant (67.3%) followed by An. coustani complex (25.3 %) and An. pharoensis (5.7%). PCR based identification revealed that 74.7% (n=168) of the An. gambiae s.l were An. arabiensis and 22.7% (n=51) An. amharicus . Density of An. gambiae s.l. (both indoor and outdoor) was higher in irrigated than non-irrigated clusters. The overall anopheline mosquito abundance during the wet seasons (87.2%; n=1837) was higher than the dry seasons (12.8%; n=271). Conclusion : The ongoing sugarcane irrigation activities in Arjo-Didessa created conditions suitable for increased malaria transmitting Anopheles species diversity and abundance. This in turn could drive malaria transmission in Arjo-Didessa and its environs in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, currently practiced malaria vector interventions need to be strengthened and consider larval source management to reduce vector abundance in the irrigated areas. Key Words: Malaria, Irrigation, Anopheles mosquitoes, vector density, An. amharicus , Ethiopia

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Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652000000200005 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Wanderli Pedro TADEI ◽

Bedsy DUTARY THATCHER

Keyword(s):

Sibling Species ◽

Activity Cycle ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

External Factors ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Principal Vector ◽

Anopheles Species ◽

Virgin Forest ◽

Continuous Activity

Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lower density and diversity in virgin forest than in areas modified by human intervention. The principal vector, An. darlingi, is anthropophilic with a continuous activity cycle lasting the entire night but peaking at sunset and sunrise. These species (Nyssorhynchus) are peridomiciliary, entering houses to feed on blood and immediately leaving to settle on nearby vegetation. Anopheles nuneztovari proved to be zoophilic, crepuscular and peridomiciliary. These habits may change depending on a series of external factors, especially those related to human activity. There is a possibility that sibling species exist in the study area and they are being studied with reference to An. darlingi, An. albitarsis and An. nuneztovari. The present results do not suggest the existence of subpopulations of An. darlingi in the Brazilian Amazon.

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Anopheline species, some of their habits and relation to malaria in endemic areas of Rondônia State, Amazon region of Brazil

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761989000400008 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 501-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira ◽

Anthony Erico da Gama Guimarães ◽

Monique Arlé ◽

Tereza Fernandes da Silva ◽

Márcia Gonçalves Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dominant Species ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Anopheles Darlingi ◽

Anopheline Species ◽

Local Vector ◽

Endemic Areas

In view of recent studies incriminating several species of anophelines, besides Anopheles darlingi, as malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon, we performed an anopheline survey in four localities - Ariquemes, Cujubim, Machadinho and Itapoã do Oeste - in Rondônia, the most malarious State in the Country. Twenty species were found. An. darlingi was, by far, the dominant species and the only one whose density coincided with that of malaria. On human baits it was more numerous in the immediate vincinity of houses than indoors whre, however, it was almost the only species encountered. On both situations it fed mostly at sunset and during the first half of the night. It was less numerous far from houses and scarce inside the forest. Other species (An. triannulatus, An. evansae, An. albitarsis, An. strodei) appeared in appreciable numbers only in Ariquemes, both in areas with and without malaria. The remaining species were scanty. An. darlingi was confirmed as the primary local vector.

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