scholarly journals Sintesis Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Campuran Calcium Hydroxide dan Calcite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Horasdia Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

<p><span>Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, biodiesel) have been synthesized using a mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] and calcite [CaCO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst. The fabrication was carried out by transesterifying triglycerides from palm oil using methanol at temperature of 60<sup>o</sup>C. The mixture of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>] and calcite [CaCO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst was synthesized from CaO by exposed CaO to the air at room temperature. Various transesterification times have been involved in transesterification process. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the mixture of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> has catalytic characteristics, so that it can transesterify triglycerides and produce the FAME. There are 10 types of FAME produced from the palm oil triglycerides in this transesterification. Five of this types were saturated FAME and others were unsaturated FAME. The highest concentration of FAME is cis-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. The longer transesterification process, the more FAME is produced. Referring to the results of this study, it shows that the mixture of Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> has the potential to be used as a catalyst for synthesizing biodiesel in the future.</span></p>

scholarly journals Sintesis Metil Ester Asam Lemak dari Biji Alpukat (Parsea americana Mill) Menggunakan Polimer Penyangga Katalis Berbahan Dasar Eugenol

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Sumarni ◽  
Erwin Abdul Rahim ◽  
Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽  
Ruslan ◽  
Hardi Ys. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

Research on the manufacture of methyl esters from avocado seeds (Parsea americana Mill) with eugenol-based catalysts has been conducted. The aim is to determine the catalyst concentration used to produce methyl esters with the highest rendement and determine the composition of fatty acid methyl ester in avocado seeds. This study was used variations in concentrations of 0.25%, 1%, 1.75%, 2.25%, and 3%. The results of this study showed that the best concentration is 2.25% with the calculation of the results of 24.8% methyl esters in avocado seeds, namely lignoceric and octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Keywords: Avocado seeds, fatty acid methyl esters

Effect of Saturation and Unsaturation of Fatty Methyl Esters on Biodiesel NOx Emission Characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thangaraja ◽  
S. Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and an attractive alternative to replace fossil diesel without major engine modifications. However, the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from biodiesel fuelled engines are reported to be higher compared to diesel engine. The characteristics of biodiesel are known to depend on their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents which vary with the feedstock. Thus the contribution of saturation and unsaturation of pure components of fatty acid methyl esters on NOx formation warrants a systematic investigation. This paper attempts to relate the composition of biodiesel with NOx formation. For this purpose, the NO formation from pure fatty acid methyl esters are predicted using extended Zeldovich reaction scheme. Also, the experiments are conducted for measuring oxides of nitrogen from a compression ignition engine operated using neat palm and karanja methyl esters and their blends providing biodiesel combinations of varying degree of saturation for investigation. The measured NOx concentrations are compared with the corresponding predictions to affirm the influence of fatty acid methyl ester on engine NOx characteristics. The results clearly indicate that the change in degree of saturation influences the NOx formation and an increase in the degree of saturation of biodiesel decreases the engine NOx emission.

Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds of Satureja thymbra and S. cuneifolia

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 502-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet C. Gören ◽  
Gökhan Bilsel ◽  
Mehmet Altun ◽  
Fatih Satıl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Octadecatrienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Main Components

Abstract The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed of S. cuneifolia 10 FAMEs were obtained with the main components, similar to S. thymbra. These were identified as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.1%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate, 34.6%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (6.3%) and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.8%).

Potential of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), using direct infusion, to quantify fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 3949-3955
Author(s):  
Rodrigo V. P. Leal ◽  
Gabriel F. Sarmanho ◽  
Luiz H. Leal ◽  
Bruno C. Garrido ◽  
Lucas J. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Direct Infusion ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Acid Methyl

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) intensities, by ESI-MS, used to their quantification in biodiesel.

Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Derived from Palm and Rapeseed Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1633-1636
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai ◽  
Xing Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Acid Methyl

The chemical composition of palm and rapeseed biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combustion characteristics of biodiesel were studied by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and collision theory. Combustion characteristic index C was put forward for describing biodiesel combustion characteristic. The reactive atom combustion mechanism was put forward. Biodiesel combustion process comprised three steps, viz., volatilizing, dissociating and combining. First, biodiesel volatilizes, viz., FAME (liquid) volatilize and became FAME (gas). Second, FAME, O2 and N2 molecular were dissociated into C*, H*, O* and N* reactive atoms. Third, C*, H* and N* reacted, respectively, with O* to CO2, CO, H2O and NOx, and released energy. The study showed that the biodiesel was mainly composed of FAME: C14:0-C24:0, C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. Biodiesel had a good burnability. Combustion characteristic indexes of palm methyl ester (PME) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) were 4.97E-05 and 3.65E-05, respectively. The combustion characteristic had relation to chemical composition. The combustion characteristic of biodiesel was better with increasing saturated fatty acid methyl esters and length of carbon-chain, and was poorer with increasing unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and unsaturated degree. The combustion characteristic of PME was better than that of RME.

Effect of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester on Fuel-Injector Wear Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
M. Jamshaid ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
A. Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Acid Methyl

This paper presents the experimental results carried out to evaluate the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained from cotton-seed oil and palm oil on fuel-injector wear characteristics. The cottonseed oil methyl ester (COME) and palm oil methyl ester (POME) were produced in the laboratory using alkaline transesterification. Gas chromatography based on 'BS EN 14103:2011' standard was used to analyze the percentage of fatty acids in COME and POME. The physicochemical properties of the two methyl esters were measured based on ASTM and EN standards. Various unique blends using cottonseed–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) were tested. Thirteen (13) different types of fuel blends were prepared from COME, POME, and petroleum diesel fuel (DF100). The wear and lubricity characteristics were measured using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) based on ASTM D6079 standard. The worn surfaces of the specimen plates were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The COME100, POME100, and CPME100 showed excellent lubricity properties for the fuel injector in terms of lower COF and wear coefficient when compared with DF100. COME100, POME100 and CPME100 showed lower average COF compared to DF100 by 16.9%, 13.9% and 16.1%, respectively. This may be due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the methyl esters composition. Consequently, the fatty acid methyl esters can be used to reduce the friction and wear of the fuel injectors due to the improvement in the tribological properties of the fuel.

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