scholarly journals Surgical training in the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Eu

The surgical training system in the UK has long been considered to be of a very high standard. However, it is currently under threat from many changes. To assure the quality of the future surgical consultant workforce we have moved away from apprentice-type training towards more ordered education. Although the reduction in hours and years will mean less overall experience there is a genuine belief that improved education and assessment can compensate. It says much for our island mentality that although we belong to the EU we consider European surgical training to be distinct from our own.

scholarly journals Extradition Between the UK and Ireland After Brexit—Understanding the Past and Present to Prepare for the Future

2020 ◽  
pp. 002201832097753
Author(s):  
Gemma Davies ◽  
Paul Arnell
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Good Friday Agreement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom have a long, close and difficult history. The most recent phase of which dates from 1998 and the conclusion of the Good Friday Agreement. Since 1921, however, there has been unique practice between Ireland and the UK as regards the transfer of accused and convicted persons from one to the other. Indeed, there has been a special and close relationship between the two in that regard; albeit one not without difficulties. In recent times EU Justice and Home Affairs measures and the Good Friday Agreement have supplemented and strengthened the relationship. These include, since January 2004, the European Arrest Warrant (EAW). The EAW has been particularly important in streamlining the extradition process between the Ireland and the UK. This phase of history and co-operation is coming to an end. The UK’s membership of the EU has now ceased, and a transition period during which the UK remains part of the EAW will end on 31st December 2020. The extradition relationship between the two is therefore facing a considerable challenge. There are several options open to Ireland, the UK and the EU as a replacement. Time, political will and the interests of third states, however, may well stand in the way of the conclusion of an agreement that optimally serves the interests of all parties and criminal justice. This paper considers the origins of extradition between the UK and Ireland and the alternative methods of extradition open to the UK and Ireland after Brexit. Consideration is given to the likely operation of a Norway-Iceland style agreement and whether such an agreement will be in place by the end of the transition and, if it was, whether its terms are likely to be sufficient for the needs of Ireland and the UK. The possibility of a bilateral arrangement on extradition between Ireland and the UK is also explored. Underlying the discussion is the critical point that the future extradition relationship must retain its ‘special’ characteristics, and therefore maintain the trust and good will that has developed over the years and given rise to an effective extradition relationship between the two countries. In other words, the lessons of history must be remembered.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Train Development in France

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Garde
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Aircraft Type ◽  
Very High

This paper presents a discussion on aircraft type gas-turbine train development. For railway traction purposes, the turbo-engines used on aircraft would improve the quality of the services provided in the electrified lines. The gas turbine should insure high speed and satisfactory acceleration. It would enable relatively lightweight construction to be carried out and run at a higher speed than trains on non-electrified lines. The gas turbine will not completely replace the diesel engine, but it will enable rolling stock to be constructed for which the diesel is unsuitable, especially in the case of high-speed, lightweight trainsets and, in the future, very high-powered units.

The UK's Withdrawal from the EU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dougan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Following a national referendum on 23 June 2016, the UK announced its intention to end its decades-long membership of the EU. That decision initiated a process of complex negotiations, governed by Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, with a view to making the arrangements required for an ‘orderly Brexit’. This book explores the UK’s departure from the EU from a legal perspective. As well as analysing the various constitutional principles relevant to ‘EU withdrawal law’, and detailing the main issues and problems arising during the Brexit process itself, the book provides a critical analysis of the final EU–UK Withdrawal Agreement—including dedicated chapters on the future protection of citizens’ rights, the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland, and the prospects for future EU–UK relations in fields such as trade and security.

The EU during Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Federico Fabbrini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This chapter analyses the European Union during Brexit, explaining how the EU institutions and Member States reacted to the UK’s decision to leave the EU. It outlines how they went about this in the course of the withdrawal negotiations. The EU institutions and Member States managed to adopt a very united stance vis-à-vis a withdrawing state, establishing effective institutional mechanisms and succeeding in imposing their strategic preferences in the negotiations with the UK. Nevertheless, the EU was also absorbed during Brexit by internal preparations to face both the scenario of a ‘hard Brexit’—the UK leaving the EU with no deal—and of a ‘no Brexit’—with the UK subsequently delaying exit and extending its EU membership. Finally, during Brexit the EU increasingly started working as a union of 27 Member States—the EU27—which in this format opened a debate on the future of Europe and developed new policy initiatives, especially in the field of defence and military cooperation.

scholarly journals Mapping post-Brexit environmental law

ERA Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-665
Author(s):  
Colin T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Recognition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Future Position ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe UK’s withdrawal from the EU will not bring about immediate changes to the substance of environmental law in the UK, but that law will become easier to change. The future position is complicated by devolution within the UK, where differing policy objectives on continuing alignment with the EU and weaknesses in the inter-governmental structures are causing problems. Environmental principles are being given legal recognition and new structures for environmental governance being created for each nation. These include environmental watchdogs that go some of the way to making up for the loss of the oversight provided by the EU institutions.

scholarly journals The future of environmental governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Colin T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The Future ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

During the UK’s membership of the EU, the EU structures have provided a degree of external oversight, ensuring that environmental obligations are fulfilled. To fill the gaps left by the removal of these structures, the different parts of the UK are currently developing their own proposals for environmental principles and governance, which are briefly outlined. The different national schemes adopt different approaches and have to fit into different legal and policy backgrounds. Although collaboration is desirable it seems unlikely to be achieved, if only because of the different timescales for turning proposals into action. Progress with the different national schemes may be disrupted by the need to meet any commitments made by the UK government in international agreements. These agreements may include environmental provisions, and the “Backstop” to the Withdrawal Agreement between the UK and the EU contains substantial commitments on environmental governance. Some firm suggestions are made for enhancing future collaboration.

scholarly journals Oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery in Canada: breaking new ground in general surgical training

2018 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Lashan Peiris ◽  
David Olson ◽  
Kelly Dabbs
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Immediate Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Oncoplastic Breast Surgery ◽  
The Uk

Oncoplastic breast surgery combines certain plastic surgery procedures with a breast cancer resection to minimize the cosmetic penalty. We compared current practices in breast surgery in Canada and the UK, looking at the classification of oncoplastic breast surgery, management of larger tumours that would otherwise mandate a mastectomy, and the breast surgeon’s role in immediate breast reconstruction. Reconstructive breast surgery has always fallen within the domain of the plastic surgeon, but surgical subspecialization and more focused fellowship training have meant that breast surgeons with the appropriate skillset can offer these procedures. This evolution of the breast surgeon has led to the birth of a new field of breast surgery known as oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery. Those tasked with developing surgical training programs in Canada must now decide whether to train breast surgeons in these techniques to improve long-term quality of life among Canadian patients with breast cancer.

The Implications of Brexit for Future EU Environmental Law and Policy

elni Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Céline Charveriat ◽  
Andrew Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Overseas Country ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Environmental Law And Policy

Brexit is an unprecedented event for the EU. No Member State has ever left the Union previously. At most, overseas territories with small populations have changed status, such as Greenland (Denmark) in 1985 and the Outermost Region Saint Barthélemy (France), which became an Overseas Country and Territory (OCT) in 2012. These cases may have limited lessons for the UK adapting its legislation post-Brexit, as they did not impact EU decision making and law and, therefore, are not precedents for the subject of this paper. There has been quite a lot of analysis on the possible consequences of Brexit for the future of UK environmental law. However, less attention has been given to the implications Brexit may have for the future of EU environmental law and policy. This paper presents some thoughts on this subject. It begins with a consideration of the impact of Brexit on the general political and economic atmosphere of EU environmental policy making. The paper then considers the issues of trade and the external border. Some specific policy areas are examined, including chemicals, climate policy and agriculture. The paper ends by considering the implications of a possible future dispute mechanism with the UK.

Parasitology: today and tomorrow

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-822
Author(s):  
D. F. Mettrick
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Canadian Research ◽  
Very High

Parasites have, over the centuries, been responsible for high mortalities among humans and domestic and wild animals. The presence of parasitic infections has made vast areas of the world uninhabitable for both humans and animals. Major strengths of Canadian parasitology include wildlife parasitology, systematics, and taxonomy. Experimental studies in parasitology are limited; in particular the subdisciplines of parasite molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, and neurobiology are very limited. There is concern that we will not be able to maintain the quality of Canadian research in parasitology, particularly in the emerging new technologies. It is greatly to the credit of those early Canadian parasitologists, who laid the foundations for today's advances in parasitology, that a relatively small group of approximately 100 professional parasitologists has today reached a very high standard of parasitological research. The next 25 years will be an exciting period as new insights allow us to further understand the complexity of host–parasite relationships. The development of new vaccines, drugs, and vector control point to significant reductions in parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Google Glass: the future for surgical training?

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 223-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Whitaker ◽  
Esther Kuku
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Google Glass ◽  
London Hospital ◽  
The Future ◽  
Royal London Hospital ◽  
The Uk

On Thursday 22 May 2014, a surgeon at the Royal London Hospital became the first in the UK to broadcast a surgical procedure live online using Google Glass.

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