scholarly journals Characterization of the soil compaction based on the mapping of the apparent electrical conductivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Eder Luís Sari ◽  
Zanandra Boff de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Based on the measurement of soil penetration resistance (PR), it is possible to identify compacted soil layers, where root growth may be harmed, affecting crop development and yield. The objective of this work was to analyze the use of management zones (MZ), delimited on the basis of mapping of the spatial variability of the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), in the differentiation of soil compaction levels. The work was carried out in a 25.8-ha no-tillage area, cultivated under a center pivot. The ECa was measured under two soil moisture conditions (13.7 and 16.45%), using the Terram® equipment. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was measured using the SoloStar PLG5500 penetrograph. Based on the spatial variability ECa mapping, management zones (2, 3, and 4 zones) were delimited. The mean PR values ??of each MZ were compared by the t-test of means. It was possible to differentiate mean values ??of penetration resistance (PR), which vary from 0.9 to 2.10 MPa, from the characterization of management classes generated on the basis of the ECa spatial variability. The highest stratification of PR values ??was obtained as a function of sampling directed at delimited management zones when the soil had lower moisture content (13.7%). The highest mean PR values ??were obtained for the split of the ECa map into at least three classes. It was identified that for the study area there is no need to perform any mechanical decompaction operation.

Assessment of spatial variability of penetration resistance and hardpan characteristics in a cassava field

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Mohawesh ◽  
Tomoyasu Ishida ◽  
Kazunari Fukumura ◽  
Kunihiko Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Natural Density ◽  
Field Variability ◽  
Range Of Values

Soil compaction is generally defined as an increase of the natural density of soil at a particular depth. This compacted soil layer spatially varies over the field. Describing within-field variability is a fundamental first step towards determining the size of management zones. The purpose of the study was to explain the spatial variability of penetration resistance (PR) and hardpan characteristics. Soil PR, dry bulk density (BD), and water content (WC) were measured on the nodes of a mesh. Statistical and geostatistical analysis were used to analyse the spatial variability of PR at 5 depths: 0.0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.4, and 0.4–0.5 m, and hardpan characteristics. PR had the maximum variability among the measured properties. Hardpan lower edge depth varied from 0.297 to 0.714 m, having a mean and CV of 0.411 m and 20.43, respectively. PR was inversely related to WC. Correlation between BD and WC and PR for the same layer was relatively high. PR and hardpan characteristics showed spatial variability across the field, except PR at depth 0.1–0.2 m. Spherical isotropic models fitted all the measured properties. The range of values of the spatial structure was greater than 7.6 m. The results showed that hardpan and PR spatially varied across the field. These results are important in determining the necessary tillage technique as well as the tillage depth and the target compacted area for a suitable land management. These results also have important implications for how site-specific management information should be collected and explained.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of apparent electrical conductivity and soil properties in a coffee production field

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos S. M. Valente ◽  
Daniel M. de Queiroz ◽  
Francisco de A. de C. Pinto ◽  
Fábio L. Santos ◽  
Nerilson T. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dense Sampling

Precision agriculture based on the physical and chemical properties of soil requires dense sampling to determine the spatial variability of these properties. This dense sampling is often expensive and time-consuming. One technique used to reduce sample numbers involves defining management zones based on information collected in the field. Some researchers have demonstrated the importance of soil electrical variables in defining management zones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the spatial variability of the apparent electrical conductivity and the soil properties in the coffee production of mountain regions. Spatial variability maps were generated using a geostatistical method. Based on the spatial variability results, a correlation analysis, using bivariate Moran's index, was done to evaluate the relationship between the apparent electrical conductivity and soil properties. The maps of potassium (K) and remaining phosphorus (P-rem) were the closest to the spatial variability pattern of the apparent electrical conductivity.

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF APPARENT ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SOIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-482
Author(s):  
Elizeu De Souza Lima ◽  
Lenon Henrique Lovera ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Jose Luiz Rodrigues Torres
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potassium Cation ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity

The apparent electrical conductivity has been an attribute widely used in studies of spatial variability, due to its high correlation with other soil attributes and because it is an attribute that represents the variability of an area in a quick, easy and low-cost way. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the spatial variability of apparent electrical conductivity with physicochemical attributes of an Eutrophic Red Oxisol located in Maracaju, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, for determining specific soil management zones. We analyzed apparent electrical conductivity attributes (ECa 2, 7 and 15 kHz), contents of potassium, cation exchange capacity, clay, base saturation and organic matter content. ECa was measured with the Profiler EMP-400 crossing the entire area in 0.45 m spaced lines. Soil samples were collected in the 0.000.20 m layer, with a total of 216 samples in an area of 70 ha. Statistical and geostatistical analyses were performed by SAS and GS+ software. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was presented as an important tool to identify specific management zones showing data variability between low and medium zones. The attributes that had higher correlation with apparent electrical conductivity were potassium and clay.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Soil Electrical Parameters and Compaction of Sandy Clay Loam Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pentoś ◽  
Krzysztof Pieczarka ◽  
Kamil Serwata
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Additional Information

Soil spatial variability mapping allows the delimitation of the number of soil samples investigated to describe agricultural areas; it is crucial in precision agriculture. Electrical soil parameters are promising factors for the delimitation of management zones. One of the soil parameters that affects yield is soil compaction. The objective of this work was to indicate electrical parameters useful for the delimitation of management zones connected with soil compaction. For this purpose, the measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility was conducted at two depths: 0.5 and 1 m. Soil compaction was measured for a soil layer at 0–0.5 m. Relationships between electrical soil parameters and soil compaction were modelled with the use of two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Better prediction quality was observed for RBF models. It can be stated that in the mathematical model, the apparent soil electrical conductivity affects soil compaction significantly more than magnetic susceptibility. However, magnetic susceptibility gives additional information about soil properties, and therefore, both electrical parameters should be used simultaneously for the delimitation of management zones.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CONE INDEX USING COULTER AND PENETROMETER-TYPE SENSORS

Soil Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay David Jabro ◽  
Robert G. Evans ◽  
Yunseup Kim ◽  
William B. Stevens ◽  
William M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cone Index

Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Halde ◽  
A. M. Hammermeister ◽  
N. L. Mclean ◽  
K. T. Webb ◽  
R. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Grazing System

Halde, C., Hammermeister, A. M., McLean, N. L., Webb, K. T. and Martin, R. C. 2011. Soil compaction under varying rest periods and levels of mechanical disturbance in a rotational grazing system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 957–964. In Atlantic Canada, data are limited regarding the effect of grazing systems on soil compaction. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of intensive and extensive rotational pasture management treatments on soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, forage productivity and litter accumulation. The study was conducted on a fine sandy loam pasture in Truro, Nova Scotia. Each of the eight paddocks was divided into three rotational pasture management treatments: intensive, semi-intensive and extensive. Mowing and clipping were more frequent in the intensive than in the semi-intensive treatment. In the extensive treatment, by virtue of grazing in alternate rotations, the rest period was doubled than that of the intensive and semi-intensive treatments. Both soil bulk density (0–5 cm) and penetration resistance (0–25.5 cm) were significantly higher in the intensive treatment than in the extensive treatment, for all seasons. Over winter, bulk density decreased significantly by 6.8 and 3.8% at 0–5 and 5–10 cm, respectively. A decrease ranging between 40.5 and 4.0% was observed for soil penetration resistance over winter, at 0–1.5 cm and 24.0–25.5 cm, respectively. The intensive and semi-intensive treatments produced significantly more available forage for grazers annually than the extensive treatment. Forage yields in late May to early June were negatively correlated with spring bulk density.

scholarly journals SPATIAL CONTINUITY OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, SOIL WATER CONTENT AND TEXTURE ON A CULTIVATED AREA WITH CANE SUGAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-445
Author(s):  
JUCICLÉIA SOARES DA SILVA ◽  
ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA ◽  
GLÉCIO MACHADO SIQUEIRA ◽  
GERÔNIMO FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
DIEGO HENRIQUE SILVA DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity

ABSTRACT Spatial variability of soil attributes affects crop development. Thus, information on its variability assists in soil and plant integrated management systems. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial variability of the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse), water content in the soil (θ) and soil texture (clay, silt and sand) of a sugarcane crop area in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The study area had about 6.5 ha and its soil was classified as orthic Humiluvic Spodosol. Ninety soil samples were randomly collected and evaluated. The attributes assessed were soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured by electromagnetic induction with vertical dipole (ECa-V) in the soil layer 0.0.4 and horizontal dipole (ECa-H) in the soil layer 0.0-1.5 m; and ECse, θ and texture in the soil layers 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m. Spatial variability of the ECa was affected by the area relief, and had no direct correlation with the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECse). The results showed overestimated mean frequency distribution, with means distant from the mode and median. The area relief affected the spatial variability maps of ECa-V, ECa-H, ECse and θ, however, the correlation matrix did not show a well-defined cause-and-effect relationship. Spatial variability of texture attributes (clay, site and sand) was high, presenting pure nugget effect.

Using a penetrometer to predict the effects of soil compaction on the growth and yield of wheat on uniform, sandy soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
CWL Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Single Index ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Impact

The relationships between soil penetration resistance and the growth and yield of wheat were examined for a range of tillage and compaction experiments conducted on earthy sands near Geraldton, W.A. Overall, a single index of penetration resistance explained around 50% of the growth and yield variation, across sites and seasons. Equations using this index showed good potential for predicting the impact of various tillage and traffic practices on wheat yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document