On the Effectiveness of Hand Collection to Complement Baits When Studying Ant Vertical Stratification in Tropical Rainforests

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Reuber Antoniazzi ◽  
Diana Ahuatzin ◽  
Jaime Pelayo-Martínez ◽  
Liliana Ortiz-Lozada ◽  
Maurice Leponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Key Factor

Choosing an appropriate sampling method to study ants is a key factor since distinct sampling methods can capture distinct ant fauna and, therefore, leading to bias in the interpretation and conclusion of the patterns observed. Despite it is well known that the ant fauna is vertically stratified, some of the sampling methods cannot be used throughout the whole vertical stratum (e.g., fogging and Winkler extractor). Here we compared the complementarity of hand collecting and baiting (with tuna or honey) in ant surveys focused on the stratification of the ant fauna in a tropical rainforest in Mexico. We found a total of 44 ant species, belonging to 17 genera and five subfamilies. The three sampling methods were clearly complementary at both the forest floor and canopy levels, even with as little as 10 minutes of search time for hand collecting. The ant species composition differed among sampling methods at both vertical strata. Hand collecting yielded higher ant species richness and more exclusive species than either bait at both vertical strata, but both tuna and honey baits also led to the detection of some (though fewer) exclusive ant species. The combination of hand collecting, tuna, and honey baits should thus be considered complementary tools for ant inventories, since using the two methods together yielded more complete inventories at both vertical strata. An additional advantage is that both methods can be used in both strata, ensuring that data in different vertical strata are comparable and allowing more reliable comparisons among these different habitats.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan komposisi kumbang elaterid (Coleoptera: Elateridae) di kawasan hutan hujan tropis Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas dan Hutan Harapan, Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Kasmiatun Kasmiatun ◽  
Rizky Nazarreta ◽  
Damayanti Buchori
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Canopy Fogging ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Insect Sampling

<p>Jambi province is one of the regions in Indonesia that has tropical rainforests with different landscape characteristics in each region. Tropical rainforests contain the highest biodiversity in the world and as a habitat for various types of flora and fauna, including elaterid beetles. Elaterid beetles have an important role as ecological bioindicators. The aim of this research was to study the diversity and species composition of elaterid beetle in two different landscape types. Insect sampling was carried out in Jambi Province on two tropical rainforest landscape, i.e. Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) and Harapan Rainforest. Elaterid beetles were collected by canopy fogging method in the morning. Each landscape consists of four core plots and each core plot consist of three as subplot, total subplots observed in both landscape were 24 subplots. A total of 2069 individuals of elaterid beetles were collected, belonging to 6 subfamilies, 23 genera, and 59 morphospecies. The abundance of elaterid beetles was higher in Harapan Rainforest, while species richness was higher in TNBD landscape. Species dominant in two landscape consist to subfamily Agrypninae, belonging to genera <em>Adelocera </em>with morphospecies <em>Adelocera </em>sp.01. The result of this research showed that landscape differences influencing the composition and abundance of elaterid beetles, but it does not influence in species richness of elaterid beetles.</p>

scholarly journals Field sampling methods for investigating forest-floor bryophytes: Microcoenose vs. random sampling

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598
Author(s):  
Milos Ilic ◽  
Ruzica Igic ◽  
Mirjana Cuk ◽  
Dragana Vukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Quadrat Size

Because of the high importance of bryophytes in forest ecosystems, it is necessary to develop standardized field sampling methodologies. The quadrat method is commonly used for bryophyte diversity and distribution pattern surveys. Quadrat size and the position of quadrats within the studied area have a significant influence on different analyses. The aim of the present study was to define the minimum quadrat size appropriate for sampling ground bryophytes in temperate beech forests, to compare two different field sampling methods for research on ground bryophytes, the random and microcoenose methods; and to test the adequacy of the microcoenose sampling method in temperate beech forests. Research was carried out on Fruska Gora mountain (Serbia) at four different sites. All sites contained temperate broadleaf forest vegetation, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, but also included various other tree species. Systematic sampling based on nested quadrats was used to determine the minimum sampling area. Random sampling was performed using 10 or 20 microplots (minimum area quadrat), randomly located within 10x10 m plots. Microcoenose sampling is a systematic sampling method based on the fact that every bryophyte fragment on the forest floor is a separate microcoenose. These methods were compared using the following criteria: species richness; Shannon?s diversity index and evenness measure; coverage of dominant species, and the time needed for sampling. The microcoenose sampling method has proven to be highly applicable in temperate beech forests in terms of species richness and diversity, in contrast to random sampling, which was not suitable for bryophyte flora with a patchy distribution.

scholarly journals A performance comparison of sampling methods in the assessment of species composition patterns and environment–vegetation relationships in species-rich grasslands

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Swacha ◽  
Zoltán Botta-Dukát ◽  
Zygmunt Kącki ◽  
Daniel Pruchniewicz ◽  
Ludwik Żołnierz
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Preferential Sampling

The influence that different sampling methods have on the results and the interpretation of vegetation analysis has been much debated, but little is yet known about how the spatial arrangement of samples affect patterns of species composition and environment–vegetation relationships within the same vegetation type. We compared three data sets of the same sample size obtained by three standard sampling methods: preferential, random, and systematic. These different sampling methods were applied to a study area comprising of 36 ha of intermittently wet <em>Molinia</em> meadows. We compared the performance of the three methods under two management categories: managed (extensively mown) and unmanaged (abandoned for 10 years). A total of 285 vegetation-plots were sampled, with 95 plots recorded per sampling method. In preferential sampling, we sampled only patches of vegetation with an abundance of indicator species of the habitat type, while random and systematic plots were positioned independently from the researcher by using GIS. The effect of each sampling method on the patterns of species composition and species–environment relationships was explored by redundancy analysis and the significance of effects was tested by the randomization test. Preferential sampling revealed different patterns of species composition than random and systematic sampling methods. Random and systematic sampling methods have resulted in broader vegetation variability than with preferential sampling method. Preferential sampling revealed different relationship between soil parameters and species composition in contrast to random and systematic sampling methods. Although we have not found significant differences in vegetation–environment relationships between random and systematic sampling methods, random sampling revealed a more robust correlation of species data to soil factors than preferential and systematic sampling methods. Intentional restriction of vegetation variation sampled preferentially may be detrimental to statistical inference in studies of species composition patterns and vegetation–environment relationships.

scholarly journals Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Rony Peterson Santos Almeida ◽  
Filipe Viegas Arruda ◽  
Daniel Paiva Silva ◽  
Beatriz Woiski Teixeira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Pan Traps

Little is known about the distribution of organisms in transitional areas, overall because of the lack of understanding regarding each species’ specificity to the diversity of microhabitats found in these areas and effective ways to sample organisms in these regions. Therefore, in this study we aimed to inventory the bee species in a transitional Cerrado-Amazon area in the state of Pará, Brazil, evaluating the effects of three different sampling methods. We used six fragments, sampled in two different seasons with three sampling methods (arboreal pitfalls with urine, scent traps, and pan traps). The specimens were identified and we used accumulation curves to measure the effectiveness of each method. In total, we sampled 68 bee species, where 53 were exclusively from one single sampling method. The pitfall traps were those with reached the highest species richness among all three sampling methods analyzed, followed by the scent traps and pan traps, respectively. Despite the efficiency and generality of the bee groups we found, the pitfall method does not cover specific bee groups as the Euglossini bees, almost exclusively attracted to scent traps. Therefore, we suggest that studies using pitfalls with urine should be performed in other biomes to evaluate the efficiency of this method in future bee surveys.

scholarly journals Collembolan community in broad-leaved forests and in conifer stands of Cryptomeria japonica in Central Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Hasegawa ◽  
Kenji Fukuyama ◽  
Shun'ichi Makino ◽  
Isamu Okochi ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Collembolan Community

Collembolan communities in conifer plantations (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica) and secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests of varying ages were investigated to determine the extent to which forest conversion (broad-leaved to coniferous) affects the species richness and assemblage composition of Collembola in central Japan. Density and total species richness of Collembola not differed between the broad-leaved and cedar forests except immediately after clear-cutting. The amount of forest-floor organic matter was larger in cedar forests and positively correlated with the species richness of detritus feeders. Species richness of fungal feeders and sucking feeders positively correlated with the species richness of forest-floor plants. There was difference in collembolan species composition between the forest types. The age of the forests seemed to have only small importance for the collembolan community, except during the first four years after clear-cutting. The conversion to artificial cedar stands has not reduced the abundance or species richness of collembolan communities, but has affected community composition. Differences in species composition may be related to the ground floras.

scholarly journals Throughfall and temporal trends of rainfall redistribution in an open tropical rainforest, south-western Amazonia (Rondônia, Brazil)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2707-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Germer ◽  
H. Elsenbeer ◽  
J. M. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Intensity Threshold ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Shading Effects

Abstract. Throughfall volumes and incident rainfall were measured between 23 August and 2 December 2004 as well as from 6 January to 15 April 2005 for individual rain events of differing intensities and magnitudes in an open tropical rainforest in Rondônia, Brazil. Temporal patterns of throughfall spatial variability were examined. Estimated interception losses were compared to modeled interception losses obtained by applying the revised Gash model in order to identify sources of throughfall variability in open tropical rainforests. Gross precipitation of 97 events amounted to 1309 mm, 89±5.6% (S.E.) of which reached the forest floor as throughfall. The redistribution of water within the canopy was highly variable in time, which we attribute to the high density of babassu palms (Orbignya phalerata), their seasonal leaf growth, and their conducive morphology. We identified a 10-min rainfall intensity threshold of 30 mm h−1 above which interception losses were highly variable. This variability is amplified by funneling and shading effects of palms. This interaction between a rainfall variable and vegetation characteristics is relevant for understanding the hydrology of all tropical rainforests with a high palm density.

scholarly journals Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Adharyan Islamy ◽  
Veryl Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Future Researcher ◽  
Common Substrate

Abstract. Islamy RA, Hasan V. 2020. Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in South Coast of Pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3127-3134. Mangrove forests are crucial to gastropods providing breeding and nursery grounds, food sources, and shelter from predators. They are useful bioindicators of environmental pollution. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the species richness of gastropods mangrove environments. This study aims to provide information about the species composition of mangrove snails in the South Coast of Pamekasan (Madura Island), East Java, Indonesia. Samplings were performed at low tide from 4 stations in December 2019 using a transect (10m x 10m). All samples were identified using reference books and published journal. We found a total of 10 family consist of Assimineidae, Cerithiidae, Ellobiidae, Littorinidae, Muricidae, Neritidae, Olividae, Planaxidae, Potamididae, and Trochidae with consist of 15 Genus, i.e., Assiminea, Clypeomorus, Cerithium, Rhinoclavis, Laemodonta, Littorarina, Tenguella, Semiricinula, Nerita, Clithon, Oliva, Planaxis, Pirenella, Telescopium, and Monodonta. The most common substrate where mangrove snails were found was rocks, sandy, and around the tree and roots of mangrove. All gastropods in this study found alive during our surveys and predominantly mangrove associated. We assume that there are still many snails that have not been surveyed at the location. We suggest to the future researcher to survey through different sampling efforts and sampling methods such as quantitative or semi-quantitative methods.

scholarly journals Diversity and community composition of marine mollusks fauna on a mainland island of the coast of Paraná, southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Marcos De Vasconcellos Gernet ◽  
Eduardo Colley ◽  
Elizângela da Veiga Santos ◽  
Carlos João Birckolz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Estuarine Area ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Natural Characteristics

<p style="text-align: justify;">A Ilha do Farol é uma ilha continental, no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Devido à sua posição em relação ao continente, três ambientes distintos são observados nela: área de costão rochoso exposto ao mar aberto (A); área estuarina (B); área de praia arenosa (C). Considerando que as ilhas continentais são excelentes modelos de estudo que reproduzem as condições ambientais da zona costeira em menor escala, o estudo teve como objetivo levantar e pesquisar a malacofauna marinha na Ilha do Farol e comparar sua diversidade e composição. O método de amostragem foi baseado em coletas mensais nos três ambientes da ilha durante dois anos (2011-2012). O levantamento encontrou 91 espécies: 47 Gastropoda, 41 Bivalvia e três Scaphopoda. A maior riqueza e abundância de espécies prevaleceu no ambiente A. A maior equidade foi observada em B e o maior domínio em C. Houve predominância de Gastropoda e Bivalvia em A, enquanto a frequência de Scaphopoda não variou entre os ambientes. A composição de espécies das três classes variou entre as três áreas. A variação da diversidade e composição das espécies nos três ambientes podem estar relacionados com as características naturais de cada ambiente da ilha, como salinidade e ação de ondas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Abundância, conservação, equitabililidade, levantamento, riqueza, Mollusca.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: Farol Island is a continental island in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Due to its position in relation to the continent, three distinct environmental areas are observed: rocky shore area with open exposure to the sea (A) estuarine area (B); sandy beach area (C). Considering that the continental islands are excellent study models that reproduce the environmental conditions of the coastal zone in a smaller scale, the study aimed at surveying and researching the marine malacofauna on the Farol Island and comparing the diversity and shellfish composition. The sampling method was based on a monthly collection in three locations for two years (2011-2012). The survey found 91 species: 47 Gastropoda, 41 Bivalvia and three Scaphopoda. The highest abundance and species richness prevailed in environmental area A. The greatest equitability was observed in B and the highest dominance in C. There was a predominance of Gastropoda and Bivalvia in A, while the frequency of Scaphopoda did not vary among environments. The species composition of the three classes varied among the three areas. The variation of diversity and species composition in the three environments may be related to the natural characteristics of each side of the island, as salinity and wave action.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words</strong>: Abundance, conservation, equitability, survey, richness, Mollusca.</p>

Underwater video surveys provide a more complete picture of littoral fish populations than seine samples in clear Florida springs

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Kirsten Work ◽  
Coramarie Jifu Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Better Than

Traditional fish-sampling methods may be problematic because of public use or safety concerns. In this study, we compared one common sampling method with video assessment of fish abundance and diversity in three springs that differed in water clarity and structure. At each of four or five sites per spring, we placed one GoPro camera on each bank for 12min and followed the filming with seine sampling. On the video, we counted the maximum number of individuals of each species observed within one frame (MaxN) and summed these counts to produce an estimate of fish abundance (SumMaxN). Then we compared abundance (SumMaxN), species richness and diversity between seine and video samples across all three springs. Video produced higher estimates of abundance (SumMaxN), species richness, and diversity than did seine sampling. However, this effect was largely confined to species richness and diversity differences between sample methods in the structurally complex spring; differences were subtle or non-existent in the low-structure spring and in the turbid spring. In all three springs, video captured relatively more centrarchids; these taxa were captured only rarely in seine samples. Therefore, video sampling performed as well or better than did seine sampling for fish-assemblage assessment in these clear springs.

scholarly journals Throughfall and temporal trends of rainfall redistribution in an open tropical rainforest, south-western Amazonia (Rondônia, Brazil)

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Germer ◽  
H. Elsenbeer ◽  
J. M. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Intensity Threshold ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Shading Effects

Abstract. Throughfall volumes and incident rainfall were measured between 23 August and 2 December 2004 as well as from 6 January to 15 April 2005 for individual rain events of differing intensities and magnitudes in an open tropical rainforest in Rondônia, Brazil. Temporal patterns of throughfall spatial variability were examined. Estimated interception was compared to modeled interception obtained by applying the revised Gash model in order to identify sources of throughfall variability in open tropical rainforests. Gross precipitation of 97 events amounted to 1309 mm, 89±5.6% (S.E.) of which reached the forest floor as throughfall. The redistribution of water within the canopy was highly variable in time, which we attribute to the high density of babassu palms (Orbignya phalerata), their seasonal leaf growth, and their conducive morphology. We identified a 10-min rainfall intensity threshold of 30 mmh-1 above which interception was highly variable. This variability is amplified by funneling and shading effects of palms. This interaction between a rainfall variable and vegetation characteristics is relevant for understanding the hydrology of all tropical rainforests with a high palm density.

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