scholarly journals Field sampling methods for investigating forest-floor bryophytes: Microcoenose vs. random sampling

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598
Author(s):  
Milos Ilic ◽  
Ruzica Igic ◽  
Mirjana Cuk ◽  
Dragana Vukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Quadrat Size

Because of the high importance of bryophytes in forest ecosystems, it is necessary to develop standardized field sampling methodologies. The quadrat method is commonly used for bryophyte diversity and distribution pattern surveys. Quadrat size and the position of quadrats within the studied area have a significant influence on different analyses. The aim of the present study was to define the minimum quadrat size appropriate for sampling ground bryophytes in temperate beech forests, to compare two different field sampling methods for research on ground bryophytes, the random and microcoenose methods; and to test the adequacy of the microcoenose sampling method in temperate beech forests. Research was carried out on Fruska Gora mountain (Serbia) at four different sites. All sites contained temperate broadleaf forest vegetation, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, but also included various other tree species. Systematic sampling based on nested quadrats was used to determine the minimum sampling area. Random sampling was performed using 10 or 20 microplots (minimum area quadrat), randomly located within 10x10 m plots. Microcoenose sampling is a systematic sampling method based on the fact that every bryophyte fragment on the forest floor is a separate microcoenose. These methods were compared using the following criteria: species richness; Shannon?s diversity index and evenness measure; coverage of dominant species, and the time needed for sampling. The microcoenose sampling method has proven to be highly applicable in temperate beech forests in terms of species richness and diversity, in contrast to random sampling, which was not suitable for bryophyte flora with a patchy distribution.

On the Effectiveness of Hand Collection to Complement Baits When Studying Ant Vertical Stratification in Tropical Rainforests

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Reuber Antoniazzi ◽  
Diana Ahuatzin ◽  
Jaime Pelayo-Martínez ◽  
Liliana Ortiz-Lozada ◽  
Maurice Leponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Key Factor

Choosing an appropriate sampling method to study ants is a key factor since distinct sampling methods can capture distinct ant fauna and, therefore, leading to bias in the interpretation and conclusion of the patterns observed. Despite it is well known that the ant fauna is vertically stratified, some of the sampling methods cannot be used throughout the whole vertical stratum (e.g., fogging and Winkler extractor). Here we compared the complementarity of hand collecting and baiting (with tuna or honey) in ant surveys focused on the stratification of the ant fauna in a tropical rainforest in Mexico. We found a total of 44 ant species, belonging to 17 genera and five subfamilies. The three sampling methods were clearly complementary at both the forest floor and canopy levels, even with as little as 10 minutes of search time for hand collecting. The ant species composition differed among sampling methods at both vertical strata. Hand collecting yielded higher ant species richness and more exclusive species than either bait at both vertical strata, but both tuna and honey baits also led to the detection of some (though fewer) exclusive ant species. The combination of hand collecting, tuna, and honey baits should thus be considered complementary tools for ant inventories, since using the two methods together yielded more complete inventories at both vertical strata. An additional advantage is that both methods can be used in both strata, ensuring that data in different vertical strata are comparable and allowing more reliable comparisons among these different habitats.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS CAPUNG (ODONATA) PADA AREAL PERSAWAHAN DI KECAMATAN TABIR DAN DI KECAMATAN PANGKALAN JAMBU KABUPATEN MERANGIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Effi Yudiawati ◽  
Lusi Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Dragonfly Species ◽  
Field Area

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis dan keanekaragaman jenis-jenis capung (odonata) di  kawasan sawah Kec. Pangkalan jambu dan Kec. Tabir  Kabupaten Merangin. Pengambilan sampel capung dilakukan di Kecamatan Pangkalan Jambu (Desa Bungo Tanjung dan Tanjung Mudo) dan Kecamatan Tabir (Desa Seling  dan Desa Kampung Baru) Kabupaten Merangin. Identifikasi capung dilakukan di Laboratorium Universitas Muara Bungo. Penelitian ini dimulai dari tanggal 03 Februari 2019 sampai dengan tanggal 30 April 2019.Penelitian ini berbentuk survei dan metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive Random Sampling. Pada tiap kecamatan  dipilih dua desa sebagai tempat pengamatan. Pada tiap petak pertanaman ditentukan  petak sampel yang berukuran 5 x 5 m secara sistematis pada garis diagonal. Pengambilan sampel Capung di lapangan dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali dengan interval pengambilan sampel dua minggu sekali yang dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu koleksi secara langsung yaitu menangkap dengan tangan setiap Capung  yang ditemukan pada petak sampel dan Metode jaring ayun. Adapun Variabel yang diamati adalah Identifikasi capung, Indeks Keanekaragaman,  Indeks Kemerataan Spesies dan Kekayaan Spesies.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis-jenis capung (odonata) pada aeral persawahan di Kecamatan Pangkalan Jambu adalah 12 spesies dan 10 spesies di Kecamatan Tabir dengan rincian 8 spesies yang sama yaitu Crocodemis servilia, Orthetrum chrysis, Orthetrum testaceum, Orthetrum pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes travilis, Agriocenemis femina, Agriocenemis pygmea, dan 6 spesies yang berbeda Pseudagrio pruinosum, Coriagrio colamineum, Orthetrum glaucum, Potamarcha congener, Libellago lineata dan Copera marginipes. Keanekaragaman jenis-jenis capung (odonata) yang ada di kawasan sawah Kecamatan Pangkalan jambu dan kecamatan Tabir Kabupaten Merangin berada pada tingkat sedang dengan indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 2,03 – 2,15, tingkat kemerataan yang stabil dengan indeks kemerataan 0,86-0,88 serta areal persawahan di kecamatan Pangkalan Jambu memiliki kekayan spesies yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kawasan sawah kec. Tabir. Kata Kunci :Keanekaragaman, Spesies Capung, Areal Persawahan This study aimed to determine types and diversity of dragonflies species (odonata) in Pangkalan Jambu District and Tabir District Merangin Regency. The sampling of dragonflies was carried out in Pangkalan Jambu District (Bungo Tanjung Village and Tanjung Mudo village) and Tabir District (Sling Village and kampung baruh Village) Merangin Regency. Identification of dragonflies was carried out at the Muara Bungo University Laboratory. This study began from February, 3th to April, 30th 2019.This research takes the form of a survey and kind of the sampling method is Purposive Random Sampling. In each district two villages were chosen as observation sites. In each planting plot, a sample plot of 5 x 5 m was determined systematically on a diagonal line. Dragonfly sampling in the field was carried out as much as 6 times with biweekly sampling intervals which were carried out by two methods, namely direct collection, with catching by hand every dragonfly found in the sample plot and swinging method. The variables observed were dragonfly identification, diversity index, species evenness and species richness index.The results showed that the types of dragonflies (odonata) in rice fields in Pangkalan Jambu district were 12 species and 10 species in Tabir district with details of the same 8 species namely Crocodemis servilia, Orthetrum chrysis, Orthetrum testaceum, Orthetrum pruinosum, Orthetrum sabina, Diplacodes travilis, Agriocenemis femina, Agriocenemis pygmea, and 6 different species of Pseudagrio pruinosum, Coriagrio colamineum, Orthetrum glaucum, Potamarcha congener, Libellago lineata and Copera marginipes. The diversity of dragonfly species (odonata) in the paddy field of Pangkalan jambu district and Tabir district of Merangin Regency is at a moderate level with a diversity index of  2.03 - 2.15, a stable level of evenness with an evenness index of 0.86-0, 88 and rice fields in the Pangkalan Jambu district have higher species richness compared to the rice field area. Keywords: Diversity, Dragonflies, Rice Fields

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI TALAWAAN MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mentari Maith ◽  
Sendy Rondonuwu ◽  
Adelfia Papu ◽  
Marina F.O. Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Environmental Activities

ABSTRAK Makrozoobentos merupakan hewan makroinvertebrata yang menetap di dasar perairan baik sesil, merayap maupun menggali lubang. Beberapa alasan menjadikan makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator adalah makrozoobentos relatif diam di dasar perairan sehingga terdedah oleh air, pendedahan yang terus menerus menyebabkan makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan lingkungan dan perubahan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Talawaan. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Sungai Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan menggunakan alat jaring surber. Total individu yang didapatkan dari 3 stasiun sebanyak 191 individu dengan jumlah ordo sebanyak 6 yang terdiri dari 14 genus. Genus makrozoobentos yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ke 3 stasiun yaitu Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera dan Coleoptera. Nilai total ke 3 Stasiun termasuk pada kelompok tercemar ringan dengan Indeks keanekaragaman > 2,0 yaitu 2,01. Kata Kunci: Makrozoobentos, Sungai Talawaan, Indeks Keanekaragaman, Minahasa Utara-Sulawesi Utara.   DIVERSITY MACROZOOBENTHOS IN TALAWAAN RIVER NORTH MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Macrozoobenthos is macroinvertebrate animals that live in the waters of both sessile base, edging and dig a hole. Several reasons make macrozoobenthos bioindicator is macrozoobenthos relatively silent in the bottom waters that were exposed by the water, continuous exposure causes macrozoobenthos influenced by environmental activities and these change may affect biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the River Talawaan. Location of the study lies in Talawaan River, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. The study used Purposive Random Sampling method by using a surber net. Total individuals who come from 3 to as many 191 individual station with the order many as 6 which consists of 14 gems. Genus macrozoobenthos most commonly found at all 3 station are Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera and Coleoptera. The total value of all 3 stations included in the group of lightly contaminated with diversity index > 2,0 is 2,01. Keywords: Macrozoobenthos, River Talawaan, Diversity index, North Minahasa-North Sulawesi.

scholarly journals Tingkat Pencemaran Berdasarkan Saprobitas Plankton di Perairan Pelabuhan Benoa, Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Eva Damayanti ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Saprobic Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Index Value

Plankton is organism that susceptible to environmental changes that used as indicator of environmental pollution by saprobic index because plankton has important role in affecting the water primary productivity. The research about plankton saprobic in Benoa Harbour is never done before. The aim of this research is to explain the structure of community and the level of plankton saprobic at Benoa Harbour. This research using random sampling method for determine the station. The result explained that there was 17 species of plankton in the waters of Benoa Harbor from two classes such as Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae on phytoplankton and from five classes such as Magnoliopsida, Malacostraca, Maxillopoda, Globothalamea and Hexanauplia on zooplankton. The total abundance of plankton ranges from 1.117.172 Individual / Liter- 1.626.163 Individual / Liter. The zooplankton diversity index in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranges from 1.06 to 1.58 and phytoplankton ranges from 1.02 to 155. This indicates that the value of diversity in all observation stations is categorized into low biodiversity. Zooplankton evenness index value in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranged from 0.73-0.88 and phytoplankton ranged from 0.71-0.96. This indicates that the index of evenness is relatively high. The dominant value of zooplankton in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranges from 0.24-0.43 and phytoplankton ranged from 0.22-0.41. This indicates that the dominance is relatively low. Saprobik Index (SI) value ranges from 1.0-1.6 and Tropic Saprobic Index (TSI) ranges from 1.76-1.96. This indicates that the waters of Benoa Harbour is categorized mild contaminated conditions until not contaminated.

Molluscs Diversity in Coastal Ecosystem of South Biak, Papua

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludi Parwadani Aji ◽  
Andriani Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Evenness Index

Coastal areas of Biak Island consist of three major ecosystems: the mangrove, seagrass beds, and coral reefs where a variety of molluscs live. Mollusc diversity in South Biak waters was investigated in September 2011. The observation was conducted at 4 locations, i.e. Paray, Ambroben, Yenures, and Sorido with 2 stations at each location. The study aimed to obtain information on the diversity and community structure of the benthic molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) on the coastal areas of South Biak waters. Sampling method applied was quadrate-transect line in intertidal areas from inshore to offshore. The molluscs (epifauna and infauna) found inside the quadrate-transect were counted and identified. The result showed high benthic mollusc diversity with a total of 94 species, consisting of 75 species of gastropods and 19 species of bivalves. The most widespread gastropod found in all stations was Nassarius sp., while for bivalves was Tellina sp. The highest value of diversity index (H) was 2.96 found in Paray 1 and the lowest was 0.58 in Yenures 1. The Evenness index (E) and Simpson index (D) ranged from 0.27 to 0.96 and from 0.06 to 0.72 respectively. Species richness (d) ranged from 2.89 to 6.84 and similarity index from 3.90 to 42.40.  

scholarly journals Abundance and Diversity of Diatom Class Bacillariophyceae as Bioindictaor of Pollution in the Waters of Tanjung Luar Fish Landing Based

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Niswatul Audah ◽  
Lalu Japa ◽  
M. Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Tanjung Luar is coastal water used as a waste disposal area for Fish Landing Based (FLB) activities. However, the condition of the waters with phytoplankton as a bioindicator has never been reporting. This research aims to know Bacillariophyceae in terms of abundance, diversity, and measurement of environmental pollution variables. Methods Sampling at the study location was determined by a systematic random sampling method. Data analysis Bacillariophyceae were determined using formula abundance, diversity index, and dominance index. The index of similarity of species between sample points was determined based on the Bray-Curtis Cluster Analysis. Furthermore, the results showed an abundance of Bacillaryophyceae of 322,000 individuals / L classified as low, the diversity index of Bacillariophyceae of 2.162 classified as moderate, and a dominance index of 0.138 (without dominating species). The results showed that the highest species similarity index was between sample points II and III (57.9%), and the lowest species similarity index between sample points I and II was 23.7%. Water pollution on the waters of PPI Tanjung Luar is classified as moderate pollution level and oligotrophic fertility.

scholarly journals An investigation of relations between pre-service teachers' metacognition skill levels and their critical thinking situations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özden Demir ◽  
Halil İbrahim Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Self Confidence

The main purpose of this study is to investigate prospective teachers' critical thinking and metacognition levels. The study is descriptive in nature and based on relational screening model. The participants were selected using stratified sampling method which is one of the random sampling methods, and 293 teachers became the participants of the study. The data collected via "California Critical Thinking Scale" and "Metacognition Scale" were analyzed using independent groups t-test, one-way variance analysis, correlation analysis as well as the descriptive statistics. Results show that although the participants' metacognition perceptions differed according to gender in the evaluation and organization dimensions, no significant differences were found in the other dimensions. The participants' perceived critical thinking levels did not show significant differences according to the departments they attend in the seeking truth, open-mindedness, analyticalness, systematicity, curiousness and total dimensions. Critical thinking total scores were found to display a negative relationship with evaluation, organization, and metacognition total scores while they showed a positive relationship with seeking the truth, open-mindedness, analyticalness, systematicity, self-confidence, and curiousness scores.

scholarly journals Distribusi dan Kemelimpahan Spesies Tumbuhan Bawah pada Naungan Pinus mercusii,Acacia auriculiformis danEucalyptus alba di Hutan Gama Giri Mandiri, Yogyakarta

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Maizer Said Nahdi ◽  
Darsikin Darsikin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Light Density

The purpose of this research was to study distribution and abundance of (shrubs, herbs, and rumput) under the three stands,i.e. Pinus mercusii, Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus alba and environmental factors influencing them in Gama Girimandiri Forest. Data were collected in April-May 2011, using square plots. Plots were located in three locations by followinga stratified random sampling method. We administered 10 repetitions, and plot size 5x5 m for shrubs and herbs, and 1X1 m forgrass. The species found in each stand were identified and calculated for their density, frequency, domination, importantvalue, diversity index, and those parameters’ correlation with the measured environmental factors. The study shows that 59species of herbs and shrubs, and 12 species of grass. In the three stands, it could be shown various domination of grass,meanwhile there is no dominant species at the level of herbs and shrubs. The highest density, measured by diversity index,was observed at the stand of Pinus (3,13), followed by Acacia (3,12) and Eucalyptus (2,8). The distribution and density ofMemecylon sp and Oplismenus burmanni were observed at their highest value under the stand of Pinus, Lantana camaraLinn (37.2). At the same fashion, Paspalum conjugatum (58.3) does under the stand of Acacia, and Desmodium triflorum(64,2) and Ischaemum magnum (122) under Eucalyptus. Lantana camara could always be found under the three stands, ithad high important value, categorized as strategy species and invasive. Light density and pH significantly influenced thediversity index of shrubs and herbs. In addition, only soil temperature gave an effect to grass.

scholarly journals SAMPLING METHODS AND NUMBER OF ROUNDWOODS FOR DETERMINING THE MOISTURE CONTENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Barros Donato ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
Benedito Rocha Vital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Allowable Error

ABSTRACT This study had the objective of comparing two methodologies of sampling, Simple Random Sampling (ACS) and Stratified Random Sampling (ACE) to determine the optimum number of roundwood samples to obtain the moisture content of the population. In order to achieve this goal, different percentages of allowable error (5,10,15 and 20%) were considered for each sampling methodology. In the conduction of this study, the samples were randomly taken from a lot of 250 steres of wood, 144 roundwood of three meters of length and distributed in four classes of diameter. Later, the moisture content of these samples was determined. And, from these values, the population estimates (average, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, and standard error) by ACS and ACE methods, helped to determine the optimum number of roundwood (n) to be sampled from different percentages of allowable error adopted in this study at 95% probability. According to the results, the amount of roundwood to be sampled from ACS for each allowable error 5, 10, 15 and 20% was respectively 214, 55, 25 and 14. For the ACE (proportional allocation) the amount of roundwood was 141, 35, 16 and 9 for ACE (optimal allocation) this number was 136, 34, 15 and 8. It was concluded that the most indicated sampling method for this study, considering the allowable error, was the ACE method.

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