scholarly journals Diversity and community composition of marine mollusks fauna on a mainland island of the coast of Paraná, southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Marcos De Vasconcellos Gernet ◽  
Eduardo Colley ◽  
Elizângela da Veiga Santos ◽  
Carlos João Birckolz
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Estuarine Area ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Natural Characteristics

<p style="text-align: justify;">A Ilha do Farol é uma ilha continental, no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. Devido à sua posição em relação ao continente, três ambientes distintos são observados nela: área de costão rochoso exposto ao mar aberto (A); área estuarina (B); área de praia arenosa (C). Considerando que as ilhas continentais são excelentes modelos de estudo que reproduzem as condições ambientais da zona costeira em menor escala, o estudo teve como objetivo levantar e pesquisar a malacofauna marinha na Ilha do Farol e comparar sua diversidade e composição. O método de amostragem foi baseado em coletas mensais nos três ambientes da ilha durante dois anos (2011-2012). O levantamento encontrou 91 espécies: 47 Gastropoda, 41 Bivalvia e três Scaphopoda. A maior riqueza e abundância de espécies prevaleceu no ambiente A. A maior equidade foi observada em B e o maior domínio em C. Houve predominância de Gastropoda e Bivalvia em A, enquanto a frequência de Scaphopoda não variou entre os ambientes. A composição de espécies das três classes variou entre as três áreas. A variação da diversidade e composição das espécies nos três ambientes podem estar relacionados com as características naturais de cada ambiente da ilha, como salinidade e ação de ondas.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Abundância, conservação, equitabililidade, levantamento, riqueza, Mollusca.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong>: Farol Island is a continental island in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Due to its position in relation to the continent, three distinct environmental areas are observed: rocky shore area with open exposure to the sea (A) estuarine area (B); sandy beach area (C). Considering that the continental islands are excellent study models that reproduce the environmental conditions of the coastal zone in a smaller scale, the study aimed at surveying and researching the marine malacofauna on the Farol Island and comparing the diversity and shellfish composition. The sampling method was based on a monthly collection in three locations for two years (2011-2012). The survey found 91 species: 47 Gastropoda, 41 Bivalvia and three Scaphopoda. The highest abundance and species richness prevailed in environmental area A. The greatest equitability was observed in B and the highest dominance in C. There was a predominance of Gastropoda and Bivalvia in A, while the frequency of Scaphopoda did not vary among environments. The species composition of the three classes varied among the three areas. The variation of diversity and species composition in the three environments may be related to the natural characteristics of each side of the island, as salinity and wave action.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Key words</strong>: Abundance, conservation, equitability, survey, richness, Mollusca.</p>

Organisation de la richesse et de la composition floristiques d'îles de la Méditerranée occidentale (sud-est de la France)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Médail ◽  
Éric Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Plant Dispersal ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Species Area Relationship

The effects of physiographic variables (area, isolation, elevation, and substrate) and habitat diversity on plant species richness and composition have been investigated on some Mediterranean islands (southeastern France). The number of species - area relationship is significant but there are more diverse vegetation patterns on smallest islands (area smaller than 3.5 ha and, ultimately, 0.2 ha). Although the species composition is positively correlated to the distance from the continent, the effect of isolation is not so obvious because of the small distance of these continental islands from the continent. Some islands nearest to shore show very different plant species composition, suggesting a nonselective plant dispersal through some narrow stretches of sea. Habitat diversity represents one of the major explanatory factors of the species richness; nevertheless, it is not possible to settle between the two hypotheses effect of habitat diversity versus effect of area per se because of the correlation between the two factors. Key words: Mediterranean islands, insular biogeography, number of species - area relationship, isolation, habitat diversity, islets.

On the Effectiveness of Hand Collection to Complement Baits When Studying Ant Vertical Stratification in Tropical Rainforests

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Reuber Antoniazzi ◽  
Diana Ahuatzin ◽  
Jaime Pelayo-Martínez ◽  
Liliana Ortiz-Lozada ◽  
Maurice Leponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Key Factor

Choosing an appropriate sampling method to study ants is a key factor since distinct sampling methods can capture distinct ant fauna and, therefore, leading to bias in the interpretation and conclusion of the patterns observed. Despite it is well known that the ant fauna is vertically stratified, some of the sampling methods cannot be used throughout the whole vertical stratum (e.g., fogging and Winkler extractor). Here we compared the complementarity of hand collecting and baiting (with tuna or honey) in ant surveys focused on the stratification of the ant fauna in a tropical rainforest in Mexico. We found a total of 44 ant species, belonging to 17 genera and five subfamilies. The three sampling methods were clearly complementary at both the forest floor and canopy levels, even with as little as 10 minutes of search time for hand collecting. The ant species composition differed among sampling methods at both vertical strata. Hand collecting yielded higher ant species richness and more exclusive species than either bait at both vertical strata, but both tuna and honey baits also led to the detection of some (though fewer) exclusive ant species. The combination of hand collecting, tuna, and honey baits should thus be considered complementary tools for ant inventories, since using the two methods together yielded more complete inventories at both vertical strata. An additional advantage is that both methods can be used in both strata, ensuring that data in different vertical strata are comparable and allowing more reliable comparisons among these different habitats.

scholarly journals Species composition and structure of Thysanoptera communities in different microhabitats at the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. J. Pinent ◽  
H. P. Romanowski ◽  
L. R. Redaelli ◽  
A. Cavalleri
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Although thrips are known as inhabitants of flowers, they are also abundant and diverse in other microhabitats. There is an information gap concerning them, especially related to the native fauna in southern Brazil. The structure and composition of the thysanopteran community in different microhabitats was studied at the "Parque Estadual de Itapuã" (30° 22' S 51° 02' W), RS, southern Brazil. Between June 1999 and May 2001, branches (n = 1,274), flowers (n = 774), grass tussocks (n = 596) and leaf litter (n = 603) were sampled systematically in 20 points of four trails (T1 - Pedreira beach, T2 - Araçá beach, T3 - Lagoinha, and T4 - Grota hill). We found 2,197 adult thrips determined in 73 species in 41 genera, of which 37 could be nominated. Four families are represented, Thripidae, Phlaeothripidae, Heterothripidae and Merothripidae, with the first the most abundant (N = 1,599) and with the highest species richness (S = 32). The highest thrips abundance occurred in flowers N = 1,224 and the highest number of exclusive species occurred in the leaf litter (27). Frankliniella rodeos Moulton, 1933, Frankliniella gemina Bagnall, 1919 and Smicrothrips particula Hood, 1952 comprise 49.4% of the total sampled. Regarding T2, we obtained the highest abundance (N = 935) and highest species richness (S = 43). The composition of the faunas in each kind of environment proved very particular.

scholarly journals Responses of the zooplankton community to the formation of a small reservoir on the Caveiras River, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e56924
Author(s):  
Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra ◽  
Cleomar Fernandes ◽  
Gilmar Baumgartner ◽  
Paulo Vanderlei Sanches
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Clear Change ◽  
Planktonic Species

We investigated changes in the species richness, abundance, and composition of the zooplankton community in response to the formation of a small reservoir in the Caveiras River, southern Brazil. Zooplankton were collected using a motor-pump and a plankton net (68 μm mesh), with 600 L of water filtered per sample. Sampling occurred during the pre- (April, August, and December 2011) and post-impoundment (July and October 2013, and January 2014) phases of the Caveiras River. We identified 86 taxa in this study, and rotifers were the predominant group. The species richness and abundance of the zooplankton increased after the filling of the reservoir. Furthermore, the zooplankton community showed a clear change in the species composition between the phases before and after the formation of the reservoir, with the emergence of typical planktonic species. Changes in the structure of the zooplankton community were related to changes in limnological characteristics due to the impoundment of the river, mainly in the availability of food and in the concentration of nutrients.

scholarly journals Effects of Habitat and Human Activities on Species Richness and Assemblages of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in the Baltic Sea Coast

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Irmler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sea Coast

In 2009, the staphylind fauna was studied in six habitats of the Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany). The following habitats lagoon, sandy beach, shingle beach, primary dune, wooded cliff, and woodless cliff were significantly separated by their species composition. Vegetation and soil moisture were the most important factors separating the assemblages. Lagoons exhibited the most species-rich habitat. Sandy beaches provided the highest number of endangered species. Both sandy beaches and woodless cliffs showed the highest number of exclusive species. A loss of species was determined in the gradient from sandy to shingle beaches. Few species preferred shingle beaches; abundance ofCafius xantholomaincreased with the increasing amount of shingle. More species preferred the sandy conditions, for example,Polystomota grisea, P. punctatella, andPhytosus spinifer.Anotylus insecatusandBledius defensusrequire distinct mixtures of sand and silt on woodless cliffs. Tourist impact on sandy beaches accounts for approximately 50% loss of species.

scholarly journals Bromeliaceae species from coastal restinga habitats, Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and Bahia

Check List ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cogliatti-Carvalho ◽  
Thereza Christina Rocha-Pessôa ◽  
André Felippe Nunes-Freitas ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Doce River ◽  
Geographic Distribution Pattern

Bromeliaceae is one of the most representative plant families in restinga habitats. We analyzed the species richness and composition of Bromeliaceae in 13 restinga habitats along the Brazilian coast. We found a total of 41 species distributed along the restinga habitats studied. The restinga of Praia do Sul, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, had the highest number of species (15), whereas the restinga of Abaeté, in the state of Bahia, had the lowest (4). Our data are suggestive that the Doce River may represent the limit of distribution for some bromeliad species, with some species occurring only south of that river and others occurring only to the north of it. The differences in Bromeliaceae species composition among restinga habitats probably are not only due to differences in local environmental conditions, but also due to the geographic distribution pattern of each species and to the present degree of disturbance at each restinga.

scholarly journals Simple does not mean poor: grasslands and forests harbor similar ant species richness and distinct composition in highlands of southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Luan Klunk ◽  
Eduardo Luís Hettwer Giehl ◽  
Benedito Cortês Lopes ◽  
Frederico Rottgers Marcineiro ◽  
Félix Baumgarten Rosumek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The State ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Mixed Forests

Abstract: Several studies addressed ant communities in the dense Atlantic Forest that runs along the Brazilian coast. However, comparatively little is known about the mixed forests and grasslands that occur in the southern range of the Atlantic Forest domain. In this study we performed the first standardized assessment of ants in the forest-grassland mosaic found in the highlands of the state of Santa Catarina. We aimed to investigate and compare ant richness and composition between mixed forests and grasslands in the main mountain range of south Brazil. Ants were collected in two years with ground pitfalls, tree pitfalls and litter samples. Sixty ant species were recorded, resulting in 22 new records for "Planalto Serrano" region and three for the state of Santa Catarina: Eurhopalothrix depressa, Pheidole radoszkowskii and Wasmannia williamsoni. There was significant dissimilarity in ant species composition between grasslands and forests, but no difference in ant species richness, even considering the higher number of strata in mixed forests. Similar richness and low number of arboreal species suggest that this ant community is structured similarly to temperate ones. Both habitats presented a large proportion of exclusive species. The fact that species composition between grassland and forest areas differed, coupled with the similarity in species richness between habitats and the record of new ant species for the region, calls for strong conservation efforts in grasslands of southern Brazil, which still are little protected by conservation areas.

scholarly journals Land Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) in Remnants of Deciduous Forest in the Northeast Region Of Southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Vargas do Amaral ◽  
Ilana Rossi Hack ◽  
Giuly Gouvêa Iturralde ◽  
Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Collective Group ◽  
Restricted Mobility ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Land Planarian

Land flatworms show high endemism due to their restricted mobility. In southern Brazil, land flatworm communities have been found mainly in areas of ombrophilous forests. Thus, this study documents land planarian species composition in remnants of deciduous seasonal forest in the northeast region of southern Brazil. Direct, diurnal samplings reveal the occurrence of 26 species of land flatworms, of which one belongs to the subfamily Rhynchodeminae and the others to the subfamily Geoplaninae. The Rhynchodeminae genus Rhynchodemus Leidy 1851 and the following Geoplaninae genera occurred: CephaloflexaCarbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003, Choeradoplana Graff, 1896, Imbira Carbayo et al., 2013, IssocaFroehlich, 1955, LuteostriataCarbayo, 2010, Obama Carbayo et al., 2013, Paraba Carbayo et al., 2013, Pasipha Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990 and XerapoaFroehlich, 1955, besides the collective group Pseudogeoplana Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990. The genus Obama had the highest species richness (S=6), followed by Paraba (S=4) and Pasipha (S=3). Eighteen species were recorded exclusively in one of the two study areas, and eight species occurred in both sites. The known distribution of Luteostriata abundans (Graff, 1899), Choeradoplana iheringiGraff, 1899, Obama ficki (Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012), Imbira guaiana (Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2001) and Pasipha hauseri (Froehlich, 1959) is increased. Results emphasize the relevance of expanding taxonomic studies on land flatworms and including more study areas in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Local and Temporal Effects on Ant Richness, Recruitment and Resource Dominance in Two Cerrado Areas

Sociobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liegy Resende Dos Santos ◽  
Renan Moura
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Methodological Tool

Ecological interactions and environmental conditions are associated with community structuring, where the resource quality and availability, in addition to interspecific competition, determine potential local interactions. Using ground-dwelling ant species as a methodological tool model, we evaluated how three different daily periods affected species richness, recruitment, and resource dominance (baits) within two Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) phytophysiognomies. We found a total of 34 ant species and significant differences in species composition between the cerrado areas. Camponotus and Pheidole genera were the most abundant in both studied areas in which several species shared baits. Ant richness did not vary between the cerrado areas, but ant recruitment was affected by observation periods: in both areas, the hottest period (afternoon) reflected the lowest recruitment, while the coolest period (morning) had the highest recruitment. We observed that the ant species that first found baits had a 29% chance of being the only species observed using the resource, while those that arrived after other species had only 7%. Both areas promote the coexistence of ant species by shaping their interactions. We suggest that environmental structuring promotes niche partitioning in both spatial and temporal scales, providing possibilities of microhabitats that allow species to explore the environment and forage.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Ecological Determinants of Species and Functional Trait Diversity in Herb-Layer Plant Communities in European Temperate Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Janez Kermavnar ◽  
Lado Kutnar ◽  
Aleksander Marinšek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Forest herb-layer vegetation responds sensitively to environmental conditions. This paper compares drivers of both taxonomic, i.e., species richness, cover and evenness, and functional herb-layer diversity, i.e., the diversity of clonal, bud bank and leaf-height-seed plant traits. We investigated the dependence of herb-layer diversity on ecological determinants related to soil properties, climatic parameters, forest stand characteristics, and topographic and abiotic and biotic factors associated with forest floor structure. The study was conducted in different forest types in Slovenia, using vegetation and environmental data from 50 monitoring plots (400 m2 each) belonging to the ICP Forests Level I and II network. The main objective was to first identify significant ecological predictors and then quantify their relative importance. Species richness was strongly determined by forest stand characteristics, such as richness of the shrub layer, tree layer shade-casting ability as a proxy for light availability and tree species composition. It showed a clear positive relation to soil pH. Variation in herb-layer cover was also best explained by forest stand characteristics and, to a lesser extent, by structural factors such as moss cover. Species evenness was associated with tree species composition, shrub layer cover and soil pH. Various ecological determinants were decisive for the diversity of below-ground traits, i.e., clonal and bud bank traits. For these two trait groups we observed a substantial climatic signal that was completely absent for taxonomy-based measures of diversity. In contrast, above-ground leaf-height-seed (LHS) traits were driven exclusively by soil reaction and nitrogen availability. In synthesis, local stand characteristics and soil properties acted as the main controlling factors for both species and trait diversity in herb-layer communities across Slovenia, confirming many previous studies. Our findings suggest that the taxonomic and functional facets of herb-layer vegetation are mainly influenced by a similar set of ecological determinants. However, their relative importance varies among individual taxonomy- and functional trait-based diversity measures. Integrating multi-faceted approaches can provide complementary information on patterns of herb-layer diversity in European forest plant communities.

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