Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil

Little is known about the distribution of organisms in transitional areas, overall because of the lack of understanding regarding each species’ specificity to the diversity of microhabitats found in these areas and effective ways to sample organisms in these regions. Therefore, in this study we aimed to inventory the bee species in a transitional Cerrado-Amazon area in the state of Pará, Brazil, evaluating the effects of three different sampling methods. We used six fragments, sampled in two different seasons with three sampling methods (arboreal pitfalls with urine, scent traps, and pan traps). The specimens were identified and we used accumulation curves to measure the effectiveness of each method. In total, we sampled 68 bee species, where 53 were exclusively from one single sampling method. The pitfall traps were those with reached the highest species richness among all three sampling methods analyzed, followed by the scent traps and pan traps, respectively. Despite the efficiency and generality of the bee groups we found, the pitfall method does not cover specific bee groups as the Euglossini bees, almost exclusively attracted to scent traps. Therefore, we suggest that studies using pitfalls with urine should be performed in other biomes to evaluate the efficiency of this method in future bee surveys.

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Comparison of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) collected in pan and pitfall traps

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n02-119 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 609-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christopher M. Buddle ◽

H.E. James Hammond

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Carabid Beetles ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Pitfall Trapping ◽

Related Research ◽

Pan Traps

Pitfall trapping is a widely used sampling method for biodiversity-related research of ground-dwelling arthropods. The trap is a container, usually with a preservative, that is sunk into the ground to collect arthropods which happen upon the trap perimeter and fall in (Lemieux and Lindgren 1999; Work et al. 2002). Two types receive the most use: deep circular pitfall traps and shallow rectangular pan traps (Marshall et al. 2001). The preserving fluid can influence trap efficacy (Deville and Wheeler 1998). Our objectives were to compare the efficiency of pitfall and pan traps with and without detergent in the preserving fluid (Marshall et al. 1994), using carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as focal taxa.

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High diversity of bees detected in guarana crop and natural habitat due to the use of combined sampling methods

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v14.e975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. e975

Author(s):

Cristiane Krug ◽

Juliana Hipólito ◽

Karine Schoeninger ◽

Matheus Montefusco ◽

Flávia Batista Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Native Bees ◽

Bee Diversity ◽

Agricultural Plants ◽

Amazonas State ◽

Methodological Aspects ◽

High Diversity ◽

Pan Traps

Bees are the main pollinators of native and agricultural plants. Identifying and knowing these insects responsible for the environmental service of pollination is essential for the maintenance and management of pollination in agricultural systems, especially in a high diversity biome as the Amazon rainforest. Some crops in this region are dependent of benefited by wild pollinators, especially native plants like guarana. To address methodological aspects of monitoring bee diversity, samplings were carried out in an agricultural environment (guarana crop, Paullinia cupana) surrounded by Amazon natural habitat at Manaus, Amazonas State. We used three combined methods (two passive traps: Malaise and yellow pan-traps, and one active: hand nets) in different periods, with the same number of samplings (12 each). In total, 4,143 native bees belonging to 171 species were sampled; 117 species (1,926 individuals) were collected with Malaise trap, 15 (91 individuals) with pan-traps, and 114 (2,126 individuals) through active sampling. Only seven species were common to all methods, 60 species on two methods and 104 species were unique to one sampling method (50 with Malaise, two with pan-traps, and 52 with hand nets). We reinforce the need for complementary sampling to known bee diversity as the best strategy here was the joint use of active samples and Malaise traps. Recently the concern with Amazon preservation has aroused worldwide interest, a fact that shreds of evidence the need for studies of biodiversity and taxonomy in several areas, since very little is known of this vast region.

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On the Effectiveness of Hand Collection to Complement Baits When Studying Ant Vertical Stratification in Tropical Rainforests

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v67i2.4909 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Reuber Antoniazzi ◽

Diana Ahuatzin ◽

Jaime Pelayo-Martínez ◽

Liliana Ortiz-Lozada ◽

Maurice Leponce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Tropical Rainforest ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Search Time ◽

Tropical Rainforests ◽

Additional Advantage ◽

Key Factor

Choosing an appropriate sampling method to study ants is a key factor since distinct sampling methods can capture distinct ant fauna and, therefore, leading to bias in the interpretation and conclusion of the patterns observed. Despite it is well known that the ant fauna is vertically stratified, some of the sampling methods cannot be used throughout the whole vertical stratum (e.g., fogging and Winkler extractor). Here we compared the complementarity of hand collecting and baiting (with tuna or honey) in ant surveys focused on the stratification of the ant fauna in a tropical rainforest in Mexico. We found a total of 44 ant species, belonging to 17 genera and five subfamilies. The three sampling methods were clearly complementary at both the forest floor and canopy levels, even with as little as 10 minutes of search time for hand collecting. The ant species composition differed among sampling methods at both vertical strata. Hand collecting yielded higher ant species richness and more exclusive species than either bait at both vertical strata, but both tuna and honey baits also led to the detection of some (though fewer) exclusive ant species. The combination of hand collecting, tuna, and honey baits should thus be considered complementary tools for ant inventories, since using the two methods together yielded more complete inventories at both vertical strata. An additional advantage is that both methods can be used in both strata, ensuring that data in different vertical strata are comparable and allowing more reliable comparisons among these different habitats.

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Field sampling methods for investigating forest-floor bryophytes: Microcoenose vs. random sampling

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs180422020i ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 589-598

Author(s):

Milos Ilic ◽

Ruzica Igic ◽

Mirjana Cuk ◽

Dragana Vukov

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Quadrat Size

Because of the high importance of bryophytes in forest ecosystems, it is necessary to develop standardized field sampling methodologies. The quadrat method is commonly used for bryophyte diversity and distribution pattern surveys. Quadrat size and the position of quadrats within the studied area have a significant influence on different analyses. The aim of the present study was to define the minimum quadrat size appropriate for sampling ground bryophytes in temperate beech forests, to compare two different field sampling methods for research on ground bryophytes, the random and microcoenose methods; and to test the adequacy of the microcoenose sampling method in temperate beech forests. Research was carried out on Fruska Gora mountain (Serbia) at four different sites. All sites contained temperate broadleaf forest vegetation, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, but also included various other tree species. Systematic sampling based on nested quadrats was used to determine the minimum sampling area. Random sampling was performed using 10 or 20 microplots (minimum area quadrat), randomly located within 10x10 m plots. Microcoenose sampling is a systematic sampling method based on the fact that every bryophyte fragment on the forest floor is a separate microcoenose. These methods were compared using the following criteria: species richness; Shannon?s diversity index and evenness measure; coverage of dominant species, and the time needed for sampling. The microcoenose sampling method has proven to be highly applicable in temperate beech forests in terms of species richness and diversity, in contrast to random sampling, which was not suitable for bryophyte flora with a patchy distribution.

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Hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) community of a cultivated arable field and the adjacent hedgerow near Debrecen, Hungary

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0315-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rita Földesi ◽

Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Total Abundance ◽

Wheat Field ◽

Arable Field ◽

Group Feeding ◽

Species Richness And Abundance ◽

Total Species ◽

Pan Traps

AbstractA hoverfly (Syrphidae) community was investigated in a cultivated wheat field and the adjacent hedgerow near Debrecen (Hungary). We monitored the change of species richness and abundance of hoverflies along three transects in the hedgerow and in the wheat field in different distances (10 m, 20 m) from the hedgerow. The effect of sampling methods on the number of hoverfly species and individuals was analyzed. Two sampling methods were used to catch hoverflies: netting and pan traps. The whole sampling period was divided into three subperiods, which are early (22nd April–2nd June), middle (11th June–1st August) and late (6th August–11th September). Altogether 1,214 individuals of 22 species were sampled. Fourteen species with 78% of individuals belonged to the aphidophagous group, feeding on aphids as larvae. Altogether 861 individuals of 22 hoverfly species were sampled by netting and 353 individuals of 10 species by pan traps. The total number of hoverfly species was significant lower in the late period than in the early. The total abundance was higher in the middle period compared to the early. The species richness and abundance of aphidophagous species followed a similar pattern as the total species values. The species richness and abundance of hoverflies were significant higher in 10 m and 20 m distance in the wheat field than along the hedgerow. The results suggest that the pan traps were less efficient in the hedgerow than the netting, but in the wheat field they sampled more hoverflies because of visually alluring effect on hoverflies in the absence of flowers.

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Medium and large-sized mammals in a Cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.4.1690 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1690 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dieferson Da Costa Estrela ◽

Daniele Cipriano de Souza ◽

Joyce Moreira de Souza ◽

André Luis da Silva Castro

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

National Level ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

The State ◽

Species Accumulation Curves ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Mammal Fauna ◽

Observation Methods ◽

High Species Richness ◽

Accumulation Curves

Brazilian mammal fauna is considered to be the richest of the Neotropical region. However, in several regions of the country, there are gaps in the knowledge of its mammal fauna. Thus, we conducted a survey of the medium and large-sized mammal species in the fragmented Cerrado region in the southeast area of the state of Goiás. Nonlinear transects were conducted in 28 sessions over 13 months using direct observation methods, indirect observation methods (scratches, footprints, feces and lairs) and camera trapping. Twenty-five species belonging to eight orders were recorded. The species richness estimated by the Jackknife 1 method was 24.89 (±1.61) species in the transects and 16.88 (±1.29) species in camera trap, with stabilization of the species accumulation curves. Among the recorded species, 5 were endangered at the national level, and three were globally endangered. The high species richness found in the area in addition to the presence of endangered species highlights the need for conservation measures for the study site.

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Lizards from central Jatapú River, Amazonas, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/10.1.46 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deyla Paula de Oliveira ◽

Sergio Marques Souza ◽

Luciana Frazão ◽

Alexandre Pinheiro de Almeida ◽

Tomas Hrbek

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Present Species ◽

Guiana Shield ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Species List ◽

Expected Species Richness ◽

Faunal Similarity

The present study reports an inventory of lizard species from a region at the central Jatapú River located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The lizard fauna was surveyed using three sampling methods: diurnal and nocturnal visual search, pitfall traps with drift fences, and incidental collections. We recorded 24 lizard species belonging to 18 genera and eight families. Non-parametric estimators of richness (Bootstrap, Chao 2, Jackknife 1, Ace) were used to estimate the percentage of total richness sampled. Expected species richness varied from 27 species estimated via Bootstrap to 30 species with Jackknife 1. The composition of the lizard fauna encountered in the rio Jatapú plot was compared with seven other published surveys carried out in the region of the Brazilian Guiana Shield. The composition of the Jatapú lizard fauna was most similar to FLOTA Faro (84%) and least similar to ESEC Grão-Pará Center (66%). There was no association between faunal similarity and geographic distance. The present species list contributes to our knowledge of lizards of the southern portion of the Guiana Shield in Brazil.

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Underwater video surveys provide a more complete picture of littoral fish populations than seine samples in clear Florida springs

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf18288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Kirsten Work ◽

Coramarie Jifu Jennings

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Water Clarity ◽

Fish Abundance ◽

Video Assessment ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Better Than

Traditional fish-sampling methods may be problematic because of public use or safety concerns. In this study, we compared one common sampling method with video assessment of fish abundance and diversity in three springs that differed in water clarity and structure. At each of four or five sites per spring, we placed one GoPro camera on each bank for 12min and followed the filming with seine sampling. On the video, we counted the maximum number of individuals of each species observed within one frame (MaxN) and summed these counts to produce an estimate of fish abundance (SumMaxN). Then we compared abundance (SumMaxN), species richness and diversity between seine and video samples across all three springs. Video produced higher estimates of abundance (SumMaxN), species richness, and diversity than did seine sampling. However, this effect was largely confined to species richness and diversity differences between sample methods in the structurally complex spring; differences were subtle or non-existent in the low-structure spring and in the turbid spring. In all three springs, video captured relatively more centrarchids; these taxa were captured only rarely in seine samples. Therefore, video sampling performed as well or better than did seine sampling for fish-assemblage assessment in these clear springs.

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Diptera (Dryomyzidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae) Associated With Pig Carcasses in a Forest Habitat of Poland: Sex-Related Patterns of Visitation and Effectiveness of Sampling Methods

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab218 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Daria Bajerlein ◽

Mateusz Jarmusz ◽

Aleksandra Gregor ◽

Andrzej Grzywacz

Keyword(s):

Forensic Entomology ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Appearance Time ◽

Long Time ◽

Pig Carcasses ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract Our knowledge on many necrophilous dipterans was limited for a long time mainly due to taxonomic issues. Therefore, findings on the sex-related associations with pig carcasses in Dryomyzidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Piophilidae are presented. Moreover, the effectiveness of pitfall traps and sweep nets in fly sampling were compared, since the correct method of collecting insects is critical for the development and application of entomological tools for forensic purposes. The trapped numbers of all species differed significantly in respect to both sexes. The sex ratios were strongly female-biased in most species of Muscidae and in Fanniidae. More females were also collected in Piophilidae, but the proportion of males was higher when compared to muscids. Within Dryomyzidae, the sex ratio differed according to species. Only Dryomyza flaveola (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Dryomyzidae) and Muscina pascuorum (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Muscidae) had male-biased sex ratios. Differences in residency patterns between sexes in Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Piophilidae), Liopiophila varipes (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Piophilidae), and D. flaveola were statistically insignificant. All studied species were recorded for each sampling method. The effect of the sampling method on the number of individuals was statistically significant for all dipterans but Piophilidae. Pitfall traps outcompeted the aerial sweep net in representing Dryomyzidae and Muscidae, whereas both methods were almost equally effective in the collection of Piophilidae. A varied effectiveness of sampling methods was observed in Fanniidae. The sampling method significantly affected the determination of the appearance time of flies on carcasses, but the effect of species and sampling method was insignificant. Implications for forensic entomology are discussed.

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Diversity of parasitoid Hymenoptera in banana germplasm plantation Yogyakarta

Jurnal Biologi Udayana ◽

10.24843/jbiounud.2019.v23.i01.p04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Sampling Methods ◽

Direct Method ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Index Value ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Pan Traps

Banana is one of the fruits in Indonesia. The development of its production in Indonesia has increased. However, there are several factors that can reduce the production, one of which is pests. Pests on bananas can be controlled with natural enemies, one of which is parasitoid. The study aimed to calculate the diversity and abundance of parasitoids in the Yogyakarta banana germplasm plantation. The research was carried out in an area of approximately 2 Ha from April to June 2018 with sampling taken once a week. Sampling method used was in the form of transect. The determination of the transect point is determined as far as 500m between sampling points. At each sampling point carried out 2 sampling methods. Direct method by taking pests on 3 banana plants at each point and indirect with insect net and yellow pan traps. The results found that Shannon-Wiener Index value was 3.29. 22 Hymenoptera parasitoid families were found with the highest morphospecies were superfamily Chalcidoidea and the highest number of individuals were Scelionidae.

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