Pilot projects and experiments

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Malcolm Torry
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Project ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers

This chapter describes a number of Citizen's Basic Income pilot projects and other experiments. It first considers the social dividend (a form of Citizen's Basic Income) distributed in Alaska, known as Alaska Permanent Fund dividend. The dividend has increased personal income, and therefore consumption and employment. The chapter then turns to Iran's cash transfer programme, which replaced subsidies on food and fuel with an unconditional cash payment of about US$40 per month to every individual. It then examines the pilot project in Namibia, which disproved the critics of unconditional cash transfers. It also discusses the pilot projects in India, and in particular the establishment of an unconditional cash benefit as an entirely pragmatic measure; social transfers in Latin America and elsewhere; and several experiments at various stages of planning or implementation. Finally, it asks whether it is possible to launch a Citizen's Basic Income pilot project in the UK.

scholarly journals The Determinant of Participation in The Social Activities: Case in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Credit Association ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers ◽  
The Impact

One of the most issues debated in the social capital literature is the unconditional cash transfer effect on social capital, especially regarding the potential of unmeasured targeted mechanisms at the community level about social relations. This article aims to identify the determinant of social capital in the form of household participation in social activities and the impact of unconditional cash transfers (BLT) on participation in social activities in Indonesia by using differences-differences approach (DID). The results showed that the most influential factor on household participation in social activities is the education level of the head of the household and the members of the productive age group. Meanwhile, unconditional cash transfers policy has a positive effect on the rotating saving and credit association. Thus, participation in social activities undertaken by the community undoubtedly has an important element in the success of government programs.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i2.7365

Politics of Universal and Unconditional Cash Transfer: Examining Attitudes Toward Universal Basic Income

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfer

Abstract Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a periodic cash payment to all residents in a jurisdiction, without obligation. Universalism and unconditionality distinguish UBI from other redistributive policies that require means testing and certain behaviors to gain and maintain eligibility. Despite an increased interest in UBI, it is poorly understood how these two critical features – universalism and unconditionality – influence public attitudes toward UBI. This paper explores results of the eighth round of the European Social Survey and finds that people who support unconditionality are more likely to support UBI, as expected. But support for UBI is also significantly associated with a desire to help the poor rather than provide universal cash transfers to all individuals.

scholarly journals Cash Transfers, Basic Income and Community Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn L. Forget ◽  
Alexander D. Peden ◽  
Stephenson B. Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
High Income ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers

The austerity movement in high-income countries of Europe and North America has renewed calls for a guaranteed Basic Income. At the same time, conditional and unconditional cash transfers accompanied by rigorous impact evaluations have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries with the explicit support of the World Bank. Both Basic Income and cash transfer programs are more confidently designed when based on empirical evidence and social theory that explain how and why cash transfers to citizens are effective ways of encouraging investment in human capital through health and education spending. Are conditional cash transfers more effective and/or more efficient than unconditional transfers? Are means-tested transfers effective? This essay draws explicit parallels between Basic Income and unconditional cash transfers, and demonstrates that cash transfers to citizens work in remarkably similar ways in low-, middle- and high-income countries. It addresses the theoretical foundation of cash transfers. Of the four theories discussed, three explicitly acknowledge the interdependence of society and are based, in increasingly complex ways, on ideas of social inclusion. Only if we have an understanding of how cash transfers affect decision-making can we address questions of how best to design cash transfer schemes.

scholarly journals Shonjibon cash and counselling: a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial to measure the effectiveness of unconditional cash transfers and mobile behaviour change communications to reduce child undernutrition in rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvir M. Huda ◽  
Ashraful Alam ◽  
Tazeen Tahsina ◽  
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Afrin Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers

Abstract Background Undernutrition is strongly associated with poverty - levels of undernutrition are higher in poor countries than in better-off countries. Social protection especially cash transfer is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition. A critical method to improve nutrition knowledge and influence feeding practices is through behaviour change communication intervention. The Shonjibon Cash and Counselling study aims to assess the effectiveness of unconditional cash transfers combined with a mobile application on nutrition counselling and direct counselling through mobile phone in reducing the prevalence of stunting in children at 18 months. Method The study is a longitudinal cluster randomised controlled trial, with two parallel groups, and cluster assignment by groups of villages. The cohort of mother-child dyads will be followed-up over the intervention period of approximately 24 months, starting from recruitment to 18 months of the child’s age. The study will take place in north-central Bangladesh. The primary trial outcome will be the percentage of stunted children at 18 m as measured in follow up assessments starting from birth. The secondary trial outcomes will include differences between treatment arms in (1) Mean birthweight, percentage with low birthweight and small for gestational age (2) Mean child length-for age, weight for age and weight-for-length Z scores (3) Prevalence of child wasting (4) Percentage of women exclusively breastfeeding and mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding (5) Percentage of children consuming > 4 food groups (6) Mean child intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and micronutrients (7) Percentage of women at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes in all three trimesters (8) Maternal weight gain (9) Household food security (10) Number of events for child suffering from diarrhoea, acute respiratory illness and fever (11) Average costs of mobile phone BCC and cash transfer, and benefit-cost ratio for primary and secondary outcomes. Discussion The proposed trial will provide high-level evidence of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of mobile phone nutrition behavior change communication, combined with unconditional cash transfers in reducing child undernutrition in rural Bangladesh. Trial registration The study has been registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001975280).

scholarly journals The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Adult Labour Supply: A Unitary Discrete Choice Model for the Case of Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Mideros ◽  
Cathal O’Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Discrete Choice Model ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Negative Income ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers

AbstractWe examine the effect of unconditional cash transfers by a unitary discrete labour supply model. We argue that there is no negative income effect of social transfers in the case of poor adults because leisure could not be assumed to be a normal good under such conditions. Using data from the national employment survey of Ecuador (ENEMDUR) we estimate the effect of the

Cash transfers and the social determinants of health: Towards an initial realist program theory

Evaluation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Owusu-Addo ◽  
Andre M. N. Renzaho ◽  
Ben J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Program Theory ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Social

Cash transfers are a widely adopted social policy initiative for addressing poverty and vulnerability. Cash transfers’ exponential growth in low- and middle-income countries provides a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of how they work to impact the social determinants of health. This article reports on a realist qualitative approach to developing an initial program theory about the role of cash transfers in tackling the social determinants of health. A set of 12 initial hypotheses regarding how cash transfers might work to address the social determinants of health were developed from the data. Cash transfer key mechanisms of change found in the study included political will and leadership and news media framing at the macro level, collaboration and intersectoral working at the meso level, and household motivation, empowerment, choice making, awareness raising and risk-taking behaviour at the micro level. This study has developed initial hypotheses that can be tested and refined in future studies using a realist approach.

Labour, laziness and distribution: work imaginaries among the South African unemployed

Africa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Dawson ◽  
E. Fouksman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers ◽  
The Unemployed

AbstractA wealth of new writing has emerged around the future of labour, focusing on thinking beyond employment in imagining the futures of ‘surplus populations’ no longer needed by labour markets. These new imaginaries include radically expanded forms of redistribution, such as unconditional cash transfers or universal basic income. But what are the views of the ‘surplus populations’ themselves? This article uses ethnographic research in an informal settlement in South Africa to understand why the unemployed or precariously employed poor are themselves often reluctant to delink labour and income. In particular, we focus on the discursive use of ‘laziness’ by urban unemployed young men. The varied (and often contradictory) ways in which these men employ the laziness discourse sheds light on the logics linking waged work and money in our informants’ social imaginaries. It illuminates the underlying contradictions and complexities of such logics, including those of gender, relational obligations, expectations of citizenship, and the inevitable tensions between aspirational hopes and economic realities. To begin thinking ‘beyond the proper job’, to use Ferguson and Li's phrase, we must unravel and understand such nuanced logics that continue to bind together hard work, deservingness and cash – even for those left out of labour markets.

Do We Need Basic Income Experiments?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Torry
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In this article ‘Basic Income’, ‘Basic Income scheme’, ‘experiment’ and ‘pilot project’ will be defined, and Basic Income pilot projects in Namibia and India will be distinguished from Minimum Income Guarantee experiments in the USA and Canada and the ambiguous pilot project in Finland. The conditions for running a genuine Basic Income pilot project in a country with a more developed economy will then be outlined, and microsimulation will be found to be the only reliable method for testing a Basic Income scheme for financial feasibility. The conclusion will be drawn that microsimulation can provide many of the results that a pilot project would deliver, but that pilot projects of financially feasible Basic Income schemes might still be useful to test dynamic macroeconomic and labour market effects.

Cash transfers for families and children in Argentina, Brazil and Chile: segmented expansion or universal benefits?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Arza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Family Allowances

AbstractOver the past two decades, most Latin American countries have developed cash transfer programmes for poor and low income families not covered by the social security system. These programmes now benefit about 127 million people throughout Latin America and in some countries they include more children than the family allowances of the social insurance system. How have these innovations changed the structure of child benefits in Latin America? This article discusses this issue by looking at the experiences of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. In these three countries, a wide-ranging programme of non-contributory cash transfers for low income families now operates alongside a pre-existing scheme of family allowances for formal sector workers. This has contributed to expand coverage of cash benefits for families and children, while at the same time keeping a segmented benefit structure. In contrast, a universal child benefit could overcome this segmentation and guarantee equal rights to all children.

scholarly journals Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers: Implications for Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Levasseur ◽  
Stephanie Paterson ◽  
Nathalia Carvalho Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfer

Abstract Solving poverty is a laudable public policy goal. While there are many approaches, one that has gained popularity is the conditional cash transfer that requires recipients to satisfy conditions imposed on them such as requiring regular medical checkups. Another approach, which is gaining interest is unconditional cash transfers that do not impose conditions. The question we ask in this paper is: what do these past and current attempts tell us about the implications for gender? To answer this question, we explore two programs using a gendered framework: Brazil's Bolsa Familia,which is a conditional cash transfer, and Manitoba's Mincome experiment, which was an unconditional cash transfer in Canada. We then consider how this information might be used by states, particularly as it relates to ending social marginalization. Broadly, this research contributes to academic discussions of public policy, income, gender and social vulnerability.

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