Gender, Victimisation, Perceived Risk and Perceptions of Police Performance in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods

Although research on the public's attitudes towards the police has a long history, and gender has long been considered a potential correlate, theoretical and empirical development concerning the role of gender in forming positive or negative attitudes towards the police is limited. In this paper we approach this issue in three ways to understand better how gender may or may not affect attitudes towards the police among a sample of residents in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in two south-eastern cities. We find that the total bivariate effect of gender in the sample is small and not statistically significant. However, there is some evidence that gender plays a distal causal role because women feel less safe or at greater risk of victimisation, but are less likely to be victimised or confronted with a drug dealer. Theoretical and policy implications are provided.

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Correlates of perceptions of police legitimacy: Do perceptions of neighborhood crime matter?

International Journal of Police Science & Management ◽

10.1177/14613557211014915 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146135572110149

Author(s):

L. Sergio Garduno ◽

Deborah G. Keeling

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Police Legitimacy ◽

Police Performance ◽

Neighborhood Characteristics ◽

Neighborhood Crime ◽

The Public ◽

Perceptions Of Police ◽

Research And Policy

Police legitimacy promotes trust and cooperation between members of the public and the police. Because the police require cooperation from the public to prevent and solve crimes, having high levels of legitimacy is an important asset for them. Researchers have explored policing strategies as well as individual and neighborhood characteristics that explain levels of police legitimacy. However, no study has explored whether perceived neighborhood crimes affect perceptions of police legitimacy. This study addresses this gap in the literature by analyzing the effect that perceiving four types of neighborhood crime as a problem had on levels of police legitimacy among 1773 respondents from a city in the Appalachians. Results obtained from a series of Ordinary Least Squares models indicate that perceptions of neighborhood crime have no significant effect on police legitimacy once police performance is accounted for. Research and policy implications are discussed.

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You, Me, and Them: Understanding Employees’ Use of Trans-Affirming Language within the Workplace

Sexuality Research and Social Policy ◽

10.1007/s13178-021-00592-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Perales ◽

Christine Ablaza ◽

Wojtek Tomaszewski ◽

Dawn Emsen-Hough

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Academic Research ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Employee Survey ◽

Organizational Environments ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

And Gender ◽

Workplace Inclusion

Abstract Introduction As the benefits of workplace inclusion become progressively recognized, employers are making greater efforts to cultivate inclusive organizational environments where employees from diverse backgrounds can thrive. Yet academic research has often neglected issues of sexual orientation and gender diversity. We contribute to redressing this knowledge gap by examining processes of workplace inclusion for employees with diverse genders and sexualities, focusing on an under-researched area—the role of language. Methods Using a regression framework, we empirically examine how different individual and workplace factors are associated with employees’ inclusive language use toward their trans- and gender-diverse colleagues. To accomplish this, we undertook the first-ever analyses of unique survey data from the 2020 Australian Workplace Equality Index Employee Survey (n ~ 27,000 employees and ~ 150 employers). Results Our results highlight the role of employees’ socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., their gender and sexual orientation, age, education, and religiosity) as well as the role of features of the workplace environment (e.g., employer’s size, location, and inclusion culture). Conclusions While use of appropriate language toward individuals with diverse genders and sexualities constitutes an important stepping stone to their workplace inclusion, this study has demonstrated that its adoption remains incomplete and highly segmented. Social Policy Implications These findings bear important implications for the design, targeting, and implementation of programs aimed at fostering trans-affirming language and the workplace inclusion of individuals from sexual and gender minorities.

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Effect Of Body-Worn Cameras On African-American Perceptions Of Police Performance And Fairness

Scholar Chatter ◽

10.47036/sc.2.1.44-56.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 44-56

Author(s):

Yolanda Smith

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African Americans ◽

Procedural Justice ◽

Police Officers ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Future Research ◽

Police Performance ◽

Adult Participants ◽

American Adult ◽

Perceptions Of Police

This research study examined the effect of body-worn cameras on African American perceptions of police performance and fairness to gain a well-rounded understanding of the public's perception of body-worn cameras. Prior research involving police body-worn cameras focused on police use of force and community perceptions. Limitations within previous research call for further investigation into African American perceptions of the police and consider the role body-worn cameras play in affecting that perception. Using procedural justice theory, I focused on body-worn cameras and their effect on African-American perceptions of police performance and fairness. Employing a quantitative, non-experimental research design and surveying 124 African-American adult participants 18 years and older, I found that African-Americans favor police officers who wear body-worn cameras. Future research suggests incorporating a greater sample size, thereby strengthening the validity and improving generalizability. Policy implications suggest that studying body-worn cameras may add additional research to the knowledge base and help law enforcement understand the relationship between police officers who wear body-worn cameras and African-Americans perceptions of police treatment when body-worn cameras are present. Keywords: African-American, body-worn cameras, police performance, fairness, procedural justice

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Funny but aversive: A large-scale survey of the emotional response to Covid-19 humor in the Italian population during the lockdown

10.31234/osf.io/efk93 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luca Bischetti ◽

Paolo Canal ◽

Valentina Bambini

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Large Scale ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Italian Population ◽

Key Factors ◽

Dark Humor ◽

Large Scale Survey ◽

And Gender

We often see an upsurge of humor inspired by tragic circumstances: this happened also during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak. However, little is known about the emotional response to tragedy-triggered humor, let alone Covid-19 humor. With a large-scale survey completed during the early stages of Italy’s lockdown, we studied the appreciation (funniness and aversiveness) of different formats of Covid-19 humor shared on social media. Results of an analysis of the role of demographic, personality, and psychological distance factors with linear mixed models showed that Covid-19 humor lacks a “signature” of funniness, but displays a mark of aversiveness. Among demographics, age and gender were key factors: with increasing age and in women, Covid-19 humor was judged as more aversive. Individuals using humor to cope with uneasy circumstances judged Covid-19 humor as funnier and less aversive. Furthermore, the perceived risk of infection amplified Covid-19 humor aversiveness, while kilometrical distance from the first Italian contagion hotspot raised the amusement in global terms. These findings expand our knowledge about dark humor and should raise awareness of the great variation in the emotional impact of Covid-19 humor and of the need to ponder where and with whom to share the laugh about the pandemic.

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Occupation and Gender

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628963.013.12 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 424-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patricia Cortes ◽

Jessica Pan

Keyword(s):

Occupational Choice ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Future Research ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Job Attributes ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Occupational Work ◽

And Gender

Occupational differences by gender remain a common feature of labor markets. This chapter begins by documenting recent trends in occupational segregation and its implications. It then reviews recent empirical research, focusing on new classes of explanations that emphasize the role of gender differences in psychological traits, preferences for nonpecuniary (family-friendly) job characteristics, personality traits, and skills. Using detailed data on occupational work content from O*NET linked to the American Community Survey (ACS), the chapter examines how the various job attributes identified in the literature affect men’s and women’s occupational choices and the gender wage gap. Finally, the chapter considers the role of gender identity and social norms in shaping occupational choice and preferences for various job attributes. It concludes with policy implications and suggestions for future research.

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The capability approach, agency and sustainable development

Capability-Promoting Policies ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447334316.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elise Klein ◽

Paola Ballon

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Capability Approach ◽

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Policy Integration ◽

And Gender ◽

Context Specific ◽

The Capability Approach

This chapter examines the role of agency within the capability approach in promoting sustainable development. Drawing on research carried out in Mali, it considers the importance of including psychological and collective domains in the measurement of agency and proposes the use of ‘local’ metrics of agency: dusu and ka da I yèrè la. After providing a background on the Mali case study, the chapter discusses agency in relation to power and gender in the study site. It also analyses the policy implications of the ‘leave no-one behind agenda’ for agency and multidimensional poverty and concludes by identifying areas for policy integration, such as creating context-specific policy formations where agency is central.

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Social disparities and gender gap in STEM learning: insights from a cultural landscape

10.31219/osf.io/qsve7 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽

Viet-Phuong La ◽

Toan Manh Ho ◽

Hanh Phuong Hoang

Keyword(s):

Secondary Students ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Parental Education ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Social Disparities ◽

Stem Learning ◽

The Social ◽

And Gender

This study reports the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender on secondary students’ academic results. Bayesian statistical analyses of 4967 observations show that gender, family size as well as parental education and occupation all contribute to students’ performance in STEM subjects. Female students are reportedly less vulnerable to SES effects than males. The results provide cultural insights into the role of SES and policy implications to bridge the social gap in education.

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