Engaging Families in Employment: Individuals and Families' Retrospective Transition Experiences With Employment Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
John Kramer ◽  
Jennifer Bose ◽  
John Shepard ◽  
Jean Winsor
Keyword(s):  
Supported Employment ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
Recent Policy

Abstract In the United States, employment experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have been dominated by discrepancies between recent policy shifts promoting integrated employment for people with IDD and the stagnation of the employment rate in integrated settings for this population. Although there is no direct source for labor force participation for individuals with IDD in the general population, data from the National Core Indicators Project suggest that, in 2015–2016, only 19% of working-age adults supported by state IDD agencies worked in one of the three forms of integrated employment—group-supported, individual-supported, or competitive (individualized and without supports). Twelve percent (12%) worked in competitive or individual-supported employment, and 7% worked in group-supported employment (Hiersteiner, Bershadsky, Bonardi, & Butterworth, 2016). In addition, individual employment supports have not been implemented with fidelity to a consistent model or set of expectations, and participation in nonwork services has grown rapidly (Domin & Butterworth, 2013; Migliore et al., 2012; Winsor et al., 2017).

The Role of Community Rehabilitation Providers in Employment for Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Results of the 2010–2011 National Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Domin ◽  
John Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Based on the 2010–2011 National Survey of Community Rehabilitation Providers, findings are presented on people with all disabilities and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) who are served in employment and nonwork settings by community rehabilitation providers. Findings suggest little change over the past eight years in participation in integrated employment. Overall, 28% of all individuals and 19% of individuals with IDD were reported to receive individual integrated employment services. The results suggest that 15% of individuals with IDD work in individual integrated jobs for pay. Group supported employment continues to play a smaller but significant role in employment supports, with almost 10% of individuals with IDD participating in enclaves or mobile work crews. Data do reflect a decline in participation in facility-based work for individuals with IDD, from 41% to 27.5% and a concurrent growth in participation in nonwork services to 43% of all purchased services.

scholarly journals Toward Competitive Employment for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: What Progress Have We Made and Where Do We Need to Go

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wehman ◽  
Joshua Taylor ◽  
Valerie Brooke ◽  
Lauren Avellone ◽  
Holly Whittenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Competitive Employment ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Workforce Innovation ◽  
Research And Policy

Progress toward competitive integrated employment (CIE) for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the last 40 years has been mixed. Despite evidence showing that supported employment interventions can enable adults with IDD to effectively get and keep jobs, national rates of integrated employment remain below a third of the working-age population. Progress is being made to improve these outcomes. Pathways have been identified that lead to CIE through supported employment, customized employment, internship experiences, and postsecondary education. The recent passage of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) has created fresh momentum and increased the onus on interagency collaboration. This article examines what is known about promoting CIE through these pathways and highlights recommendations for future research and policy change. Recommendations for the future provide direction toward positive change for CIE into the 21st century.

Employment: Renewed Investments

Inclusion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Mank ◽  
Teresa A. Grossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Fair Pay

Abstract Supported employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities emerged in the 1980s, clearly showing the untapped potential of people to work productively in integrated jobs. Expanding across the United States and other countries, supported employment was shown to be an effective approach to employment across communities and cultures. While supported employment has expanded little in the last decade, there is a renewed investment nationwide and in some other countries. The renewed developments include improvements in supported employment methods, interest in funding based on outcomes rather than services, concern about the persistence of segregated workshops, the need for qualified supported employment personnel, investment in Employment First policies in states, the emergence of litigation promoting integrated employment over segregation, renewed investment in transition, investments in other countries, and the increasingly clear voice of self-advocates with intellectual and developmental disabilities calling for community jobs and fair pay. While there is renewed interest in supported employment, threats remain to further improvement and expansion that must also be addressed.

Building an Evidence-Based, Holistic Approach to Advancing Integrated Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Cohen Hall ◽  
John Butterworth ◽  
Jean Winsor ◽  
John Kramer ◽  
Kelly Nye-Lengerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Services And Supports

Since the introduction of supported employment in the Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984 and the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986, there has been continued development and refinement of best practices in employment services and supports. Progress includes creative outcomes for individuals with significant support needs including customized jobs and self-employment, community rehabilitation providers that have shifted emphasis to integrated employment, and states that have made a substantial investment in Employment First policy and strategy. Despite these achievements, the promise of integrated employment remains elusive for the majority of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The number of individuals supported in integrated employment by state agencies has remained stagnant for the past 15 years, participation in nonwork services has grown rapidly, and individual employment supports have not been implemented with fidelity. This article presents preliminary findings from activities completed by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Advancing Employment for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and discusses a framework for organizing state and federal investments in research, practice, and systems change.

scholarly journals From Employment Optional to “Employment First”: Explaining Two Cases of State-level Disability Policy Change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Giordono
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
System Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Integrated Employment

Under the label “Supported Employment,” services that promote competitive, integrated employment (CIE) for working-age adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities have been federally funded since the 1980s, alongside other more traditional day habilitation and segregated or sub-minimum wage employment services. However, since the early 2000s, over 30 states have adopted “Employment First” policy, prioritizing competitive, integrated employment (CIE) as the preferred outcome, and in some states, restricting alternative service options. And while disability researchers have made a considerable effort to understand system-level determinants of participation in CIE-focused services, little attention has been paid to the political factors driving these major changes in the overall policy mix. Moreover, the Employment First changes, which have attracted little public attention or controversy, vary considerably across states in timing, form and content, leading to the study’s main research questions: 1) what do these policy changes look like; and 2) how can we explain both the occurrence of major policy changes and the variations in timing? The study uses primary and extant data in a two-case comparative approach, finding that major shifts in the policy mix were associated with similar combinations of subsystem attention and coalition-based activity, including stakeholder mobilization and strategic use of framing and narrative, as well as heightened political attention and bureaucrat advocacy. Moreover, the timing differences are related to coalition defection by members of the service provider community and high pre-existing participation in supported employment services, which suggest a degree of path dependence in observed policy changes.

Support for Restorative Justice in a Sample of U.S. University Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin ◽  
Jennifer C. Gibbs ◽  
Philip R. Kavanaugh ◽  
Joongyeup Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public University ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
Recent Policy

Theories of restorative justice suggest that the practice works best when offenders are enmeshed in multiple interdependencies or attachments to others and belong to a culture that facilitates communitarianism instead of individualism. Restorative justice principles and practices are thus believed to be incongruent with the individualistic culture and legal system of the United States, especially compared with that of nations like Australia and Japan. Using a nonprobability convenience sample of students enrolled in a large public university in the United States, our study examines attitudes toward restorative justice as a fair and just process for reintegrating offenders and meeting the needs of victims. Results indicate that our sample holds less punitive attitudes than citizens in either Australia or Japan. Our findings are discussed in light of recent policy shifts in the United States that suggest a concerted move toward decarceration following the 2008 recession.

scholarly journals Good fences make good neighbors: Collaborating with families to create employment opportunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bethany Chase
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Employment Opportunity ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Employment Success ◽  
Job Match ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
Job Coaches ◽  
Employment Specialists

BACKGROUND: Collaboration between supported employment providers and parents/guardians of job seekers with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities is key to employment success. However, parents are often concerned about the efficacy of employment supports or the capacity of the professionals providing the service. Likewise, job coaches may consider certain kinds of parent involvement as detrimental to a successful job match. OBJECTIVE: This article provides context for why parents/guardians may be distrustful of the employment process, as well as why employment specialists may struggle to build strong partnerships with parents/guardians. METHODS: This article will discuss how to implement practices that not only welcome the critical input of families, but also maintain healthy and well-defined boundaries that affirm the autonomy, professionalism, and competence of the worker.

scholarly journals Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Ekenga ◽  
Eunsun Kwon ◽  
BoRin Kim ◽  
Sojung Park
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.58). Among 6–10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (−2.4 h, 95% CI: −4.4–−0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.

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