Employment: Renewed Investments

Inclusion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Mank ◽  
Teresa A. Grossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Fair Pay

Abstract Supported employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities emerged in the 1980s, clearly showing the untapped potential of people to work productively in integrated jobs. Expanding across the United States and other countries, supported employment was shown to be an effective approach to employment across communities and cultures. While supported employment has expanded little in the last decade, there is a renewed investment nationwide and in some other countries. The renewed developments include improvements in supported employment methods, interest in funding based on outcomes rather than services, concern about the persistence of segregated workshops, the need for qualified supported employment personnel, investment in Employment First policies in states, the emergence of litigation promoting integrated employment over segregation, renewed investment in transition, investments in other countries, and the increasingly clear voice of self-advocates with intellectual and developmental disabilities calling for community jobs and fair pay. While there is renewed interest in supported employment, threats remain to further improvement and expansion that must also be addressed.

scholarly journals Toward Competitive Employment for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: What Progress Have We Made and Where Do We Need to Go

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wehman ◽  
Joshua Taylor ◽  
Valerie Brooke ◽  
Lauren Avellone ◽  
Holly Whittenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Competitive Employment ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Workforce Innovation ◽  
Research And Policy

Progress toward competitive integrated employment (CIE) for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) over the last 40 years has been mixed. Despite evidence showing that supported employment interventions can enable adults with IDD to effectively get and keep jobs, national rates of integrated employment remain below a third of the working-age population. Progress is being made to improve these outcomes. Pathways have been identified that lead to CIE through supported employment, customized employment, internship experiences, and postsecondary education. The recent passage of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) has created fresh momentum and increased the onus on interagency collaboration. This article examines what is known about promoting CIE through these pathways and highlights recommendations for future research and policy change. Recommendations for the future provide direction toward positive change for CIE into the 21st century.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality rates for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Mark D. Davis ◽  
Scott Spreat ◽  
Ryan Cox ◽  
Matthew Holder ◽  
Kathryn M. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
General Population ◽  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Over Time

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) appear to have an increased probability of death from COVID-19 once infected. We report infection and mortality rates for people with IDD compared to the general population of eight states at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that these eight states contain approximately 1/3 of the population of the United States. These data suggest individuals with IDD are less likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus (5.62%) than the general public (7.57%). However, while mortality rates for both groups have declined over time, people with IDD are over twice as likely (2.29) to die from the infection as members of the general public.

Building an Evidence-Based, Holistic Approach to Advancing Integrated Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Cohen Hall ◽  
John Butterworth ◽  
Jean Winsor ◽  
John Kramer ◽  
Kelly Nye-Lengerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Employment Supports ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Services And Supports

Since the introduction of supported employment in the Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984 and the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986, there has been continued development and refinement of best practices in employment services and supports. Progress includes creative outcomes for individuals with significant support needs including customized jobs and self-employment, community rehabilitation providers that have shifted emphasis to integrated employment, and states that have made a substantial investment in Employment First policy and strategy. Despite these achievements, the promise of integrated employment remains elusive for the majority of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The number of individuals supported in integrated employment by state agencies has remained stagnant for the past 15 years, participation in nonwork services has grown rapidly, and individual employment supports have not been implemented with fidelity. This article presents preliminary findings from activities completed by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Advancing Employment for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and discusses a framework for organizing state and federal investments in research, practice, and systems change.

Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waivers: A Nationwide Study of the States

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Rizzolo ◽  
Carli Friedman ◽  
Amie Lulinski-Norris ◽  
David Braddock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Waiver Program ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract In fiscal year (FY) 2009, the Medicaid program funded over 75% of all publicly funded long-term supports and services (LTSS) for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States (Braddock et al., 2011). The majority of spending was attributed to the Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waiver program. In FY 2009, federal–state spending for the HCBS Waiver program reached over $25.1 billion and constituted almost half of total funding across the nation that year (Braddock et al., 2011). Considerable effort has been spent investigating Medicaid program expenditures, however, due in part to the unique and state-specific nature of HCBS programs, national-level analysis on the types of services offered to individuals with IDD has not been available. A full understanding of the supports available through the Medicaid program is critical as the United States considers strategies for economic recovery among competing state and federal budget priorities. This article presents the results of an analysis of 88 Medicaid HCBS Section 1915(c) waiver applications for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 41 states and the District of Columbia. It analyzes IDD data and trends close to the real time intent of states and empowers advocates in presenting timely solutions to real-time issues.

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