Adverse Medication Events Related to Hospitalization in the United States: A Comparison Between Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Those Without

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Erickson ◽  
Neil Kamdar ◽  
Chung-Hsuen Wu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract This study examined the proportion of hospitalizations associated with adverse medication events (AMEs) for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and adults from the general population in the United States using the 2013 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Adults with IDD had greater odds of having a hospitalization associated with an AME than the general adult population. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for hospitalization due to any medication for IDD was 2.47 (2.31–2.65). In the multivariate logistic regression model, IDD was significantly associated, with an odds ratio of 1.28 (1.19–1.38). Adults who have IDD are at greater risk of having a hospital admission due to an AME.

Prevalence and epidemiological associates of novel psychedelic use in the United States adult population

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1058-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Sexton ◽  
Michael S Crawford ◽  
Noah W Sweat ◽  
Allyson Varley ◽  
Emma E Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Illicit Use ◽  
Directed Research

Background: Novel psychedelics approximate classic psychedelics, but unlike classic psychedelics, novel psychedelics have been used by humans for a shorter period of time, with fewer data available on these substances. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of novel psychedelic use and the associations of novel psychedelic use with mental health outcomes. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of self-reported, write-in lifetime novel psychedelic use and evaluated the associations of novel psychedelic use with psychosocial characteristics, past month psychological distress, and past year suicidality among adult respondents pooled from years 2008–2016 of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (weighted n=234,914,788). Results: A fraction (weighted n=273,720; 0.12%) reported lifetime novel psychedelic use. This cohort tended to be younger, male, and White, have greater educational attainment but less income, be more likely to have never been married, engage in self-reported risky behavior, and report lifetime illicit use of other drugs, particularly classic psychedelics (96.9%). (2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine) (2C-B) (30.01%), (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine) (2C-I) (23.9%), and (1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)-2-aminoethane) (2C-E) (14.8%) accounted for the majority of lifetime novel psychedelic use. Although lifetime novel psychedelic use was not associated with psychological distress or suicidality compared to no lifetime novel psychedelic use or classic psychedelic use, relative to lifetime use of classic psychedelics but not novel psychedelics, lifetime novel psychedelic use was associated with a greater likelihood of past year suicidal thinking (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=1.4 (1.1–1.9)) and past year suicidal planning (aOR=1.6 (1.1–2.4)). Conclusion: Novel psychedelics may differ from classic psychedelics in meaningful ways, though additional, directed research is needed.

Employment: Renewed Investments

Inclusion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Mank ◽  
Teresa A. Grossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Fair Pay

Abstract Supported employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities emerged in the 1980s, clearly showing the untapped potential of people to work productively in integrated jobs. Expanding across the United States and other countries, supported employment was shown to be an effective approach to employment across communities and cultures. While supported employment has expanded little in the last decade, there is a renewed investment nationwide and in some other countries. The renewed developments include improvements in supported employment methods, interest in funding based on outcomes rather than services, concern about the persistence of segregated workshops, the need for qualified supported employment personnel, investment in Employment First policies in states, the emergence of litigation promoting integrated employment over segregation, renewed investment in transition, investments in other countries, and the increasingly clear voice of self-advocates with intellectual and developmental disabilities calling for community jobs and fair pay. While there is renewed interest in supported employment, threats remain to further improvement and expansion that must also be addressed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality rates for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Mark D. Davis ◽  
Scott Spreat ◽  
Ryan Cox ◽  
Matthew Holder ◽  
Kathryn M. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
General Population ◽  
General Public ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Over Time

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) appear to have an increased probability of death from COVID-19 once infected. We report infection and mortality rates for people with IDD compared to the general population of eight states at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that these eight states contain approximately 1/3 of the population of the United States. These data suggest individuals with IDD are less likely to be infected with the COVID-19 virus (5.62%) than the general public (7.57%). However, while mortality rates for both groups have declined over time, people with IDD are over twice as likely (2.29) to die from the infection as members of the general public.

Acute Ischemic Stroke Interventions in the United States and Racial, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012943
Author(s):  
Adam de Havenon ◽  
Kevin Sheth ◽  
Karen C. Johnston ◽  
Alen Delic ◽  
Eric Stulberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Geographic Disparities

Background and ObjectivesIn ischemic stroke (IS) patients, intravenous alteplase (tPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) reduce long-term disability, but their utilization has not been fully optimized. Prior research has also demonstrated disparities in the use of tPA and EVT specific to sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. We sought to determine the utilization of tPA and EVT in the United States from 2016-18 and if disparities in utilization persist.MethodsThis is a retrospective, longitudinal analysis of the 2016-18 National Inpatient Sample.We included adult patients who had a primary discharge diagnosis of IS. The primary study outcomes were the proportions who received tPA or EVT. We fit a multivariate logistic regression model to our outcomes in the full cohort and also in the subset of patients who had an available baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS).ResultsThe full cohort after weighting included 1,439,295 IS patients. The proportion who received tPA increased from 8.8% in 2016 to 10.2% in 2018 (p<0.001); and who had EVT from 2.8% in 2016 to 4.9% in 2018 (p<0.001). Comparing Black to White patients, the odds ratio of receiving tPA was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.86) and for having EVT was 0.75 (95% CI 0.70-0.81). Comparing patients with a median income in their ZIP code of ≤$37,999 to >$64,000, the odds ratio of receiving tPA was 0.81 (95% CI 0.78-0.85) and for having EVT was 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.91). Comparing patients living in a rural area to a large metro area, the odds ratio of receiving tPA was 0.48 (95% CI 0.44-0.52) and for having EVT was 0.92 (95% CI 0.81-1.05). These associations were largely maintained after adjustment for NIHSS, although the effect size changed for many of them. Contrary to prior reports with older datasets, sex was not consistently associated with tPA or EVT.ConclusionUtilization of tPA and EVT for IS in the United States increased from 2016 to 2018. Still, there are racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in the accessibility of tPA and EVT for IS patients with important public health implications that require further study.

Cigarette Smoking Prevalence Among Adults With HIV Compared With the General Adult Population in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennatus Mdodo ◽  
Emma L. Frazier ◽  
Shanta R. Dube ◽  
Christine L. Mattson ◽  
Madeline Y. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Adult Population

Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waivers: A Nationwide Study of the States

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Rizzolo ◽  
Carli Friedman ◽  
Amie Lulinski-Norris ◽  
David Braddock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Waiver Program ◽  
Community Based Services

Abstract In fiscal year (FY) 2009, the Medicaid program funded over 75% of all publicly funded long-term supports and services (LTSS) for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States (Braddock et al., 2011). The majority of spending was attributed to the Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waiver program. In FY 2009, federal–state spending for the HCBS Waiver program reached over $25.1 billion and constituted almost half of total funding across the nation that year (Braddock et al., 2011). Considerable effort has been spent investigating Medicaid program expenditures, however, due in part to the unique and state-specific nature of HCBS programs, national-level analysis on the types of services offered to individuals with IDD has not been available. A full understanding of the supports available through the Medicaid program is critical as the United States considers strategies for economic recovery among competing state and federal budget priorities. This article presents the results of an analysis of 88 Medicaid HCBS Section 1915(c) waiver applications for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 41 states and the District of Columbia. It analyzes IDD data and trends close to the real time intent of states and empowers advocates in presenting timely solutions to real-time issues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document