Russell's Realist Theory of Remote Memory

The subject of this paper encompasses US policy towards Poland and the Baltic States regarding energy security during Donald Trump’s presidency. It is discernible that vast domestic energy resources have created an opportunity for the US to project more power to these countries, and the surrounding region. We argue that Trump and his administration’s perceptions have served as an intervening variable in that opportunity assessment, in accordance with the neoclassical realist theory. The main research question addressed in this paper is whether US has used that opportunity to contribute to energy security in countries it has traditionally deemed as allies. Two aspects of US approach to energy security of the designated countries are taken into consideration: liquified natural gas exports and support for the Three Seas Initiative. The way Trump presented his policy and its results in his public statements has also been considered in this paper. The article will proceed as follows. The first subsection of the paper represents a summary of energy security challenges in Poland and the Baltic States. The second subsection is dedicated to the opportunity for the US to project energy power and to Trump’s perceptions relevant for the opportunity assessment. The third subsection deals with American LNG exports to these countries as a possible way for contributing to energy security in Poland and the Baltic States. The last part of the paper addresses the Three Seas Initiative and US approach to this platform.

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An inhibitory hippocampal–thalamic pathway modulates remote memory retrieval

Nature Neuroscience ◽

10.1038/s41593-021-00819-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gisella Vetere ◽

Frances Xia ◽

Adam I. Ramsaran ◽

Lina M. Tran ◽

Sheena A. Josselyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Memory Retrieval ◽

Remote Memory

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Thread-Aware Mechanism to Enhance Inter-Node Load Balancing for Multithreaded Applications on NUMA Systems

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6486

Author(s):

Mei-Ling Chiang ◽

Wei-Lun Su

Keyword(s):

Load Balancing ◽

Critical Path ◽

Selection Procedure ◽

Remote Memory ◽

Data Mapping ◽

Linux Kernel ◽

Access Memory ◽

Selection Policy ◽

Benchmark Suite ◽

Thread Mapping

NUMA multi-core systems divide system resources into several nodes. When an imbalance in the load between cores occurs, the kernel scheduler’s load balancing mechanism then migrates threads between cores or across NUMA nodes. Remote memory access is required for a thread to access memory on the previous node, which degrades performance. Threads to be migrated must be selected effectively and efficiently since the related operations run in the critical path of the kernel scheduler. This study focuses on improving inter-node load balancing for multithreaded applications. We propose a thread-aware selection policy that considers the distribution of threads on nodes for each thread group while migrating one thread for inter-node load balancing. The thread is selected for which its thread group has the least exclusive thread distribution, and thread members are distributed more evenly on nodes. This has less influence on data mapping and thread mapping for the thread group. We further devise several enhancements to eliminate superfluous evaluations for multithreaded processes, so the selection procedure is more efficient. The experimental results for the commonly used PARSEC 3.0 benchmark suite show that the modified Linux kernel with the proposed selection policy increases performance by 10.7% compared with the unmodified Linux kernel.

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Beyond MPI

ACM SIGMOD Record ◽

10.1145/3456859.3456862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Feilong Liu ◽

Claude Barthels ◽

Spyros Blanas ◽

Hideaki Kimura ◽

Garret Swart

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Processing System ◽

Complex Interaction ◽

Remote Memory ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Round Trip ◽

Data Processing System ◽

Data Intensive ◽

Multiple Round ◽

Programming Interface

Networkswith Remote DirectMemoryAccess (RDMA) support are becoming increasingly common. RDMA, however, offers a limited programming interface to remote memory that consists of read, write and atomic operations. With RDMA alone, completing the most basic operations on remote data structures often requires multiple round-trips over the network. Data-intensive systems strongly desire higher-level communication abstractions that supportmore complex interaction patterns. A natural candidate to consider is MPI, the de facto standard for developing high-performance applications in the HPC community. This paper critically evaluates the communication primitives of MPI and shows that using MPI in the context of a data processing system comes with its own set of insurmountable challenges. Based on this analysis, we propose a new communication abstraction named RDMO, or Remote DirectMemory Operation, that dispatches a short sequence of reads, writes and atomic operations to remote memory and executes them in a single round-trip.

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sAXI: A High-Efficient Hardware Inter-Node Link in ARM Server for Remote Memory Access

2016 16th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid) ◽

10.1109/ccgrid.2016.66 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ke Zhang ◽

Yisong Chang ◽

Lixin Zhang ◽

Mingyu Chen ◽

Lei Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Memory Access ◽

Remote Memory ◽

High Efficient ◽

Remote Memory Access

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Trade Expectations and Great Power Conflict—A Review Essay

International Security ◽

10.1162/isec_r_00229 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 179-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jack Snyder

Keyword(s):

Review Essay ◽

International Politics ◽

Historical Research ◽

Great Power ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Liberal Theory ◽

Economic Interdependence ◽

Realist Theory ◽

Considerable Evidence ◽

Self Sufficiency

Whether economic interdependence is a cause of war or peace constitutes a central debate in international politics. Two major approaches advance diametrically opposed claims: liberal theory holds that interdependence between states promotes peace by increasing the costs of war; realist theory argues that interdependence is just another word for vulnerability, a condition that states may try to escape by seizing the resources and markets they need for self-sufficiency. Considerable evidence supports both of these claims. In Economic Interdependence and War, Dale Copeland proposes to resolve this stalemate by showing that interdependence promotes peace when states expect mutually beneficial trade to continue, but creates incentives for war when at least one of the states expects that trade trends will leave it dangerously vulnerable. Notwithstanding this book's major theoretical contributions and its impressive historical research, it leaves open several important questions about how to move forward with its agenda of theoretical development and testing.

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