scholarly journals Views Across the Pacific: The Galleon Trade and Its Traces in Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-191
Author(s):  
Cameron La Follette ◽  
Douglas Deur
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
Galleon Trade

The Trade Networks of Japanese Porcelain in the Asia-Pacific Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takenori Nogami
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Galleon Trade

The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade route was established after the Spanish founded Manila City in 1571. Many Asian goods, such as silks and spices, were exported by the Spanish galleons. Many New World goods, including Mexican silver, crossed the Pacific Ocean and were brought to Asia. For instance, the cargoes sent to Acapulco from Manila included East Asian porcelain. On the other hand, in the early modern period, Japanese porcelains were exported from Nagasaki and carried throughout the world. Although, under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, Spanish galleons could not enter Nagasaki until the mid-nineteenth century, the Spanish could still get Japanese porcelains if they were brought by Chinese ships. Because Manila was one of the most important port cities of the trade network in Asia, Chinese ships imported many Chinese and Japanese porcelains to Manila. The Spanish in Manila used Japanese porcelains and exported some of them to Acapulco. These were distributed among Spanish colonial cities in the Americas. The majority of them were underglazed blue Kraak-type dishes, underglazed blue items, and overglazed enamel chocolate cups. They reflect Spanish colonial life and culture in America. Moreover, Chinese and Japanese porcelain had an influence on the ceramic industry in America.

The Spanish build their empire.

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New Spain ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Mulberry Tree

Abstract The chapter summarizes the Spanish conquests and navigation. It also provides a brief summary of how Ferdinand Magellan found another route to the Pacific and the Moluccas, which led to the signing of Treaty of Tordesillas. This divided any newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal along a Meridian west of the Cape Verde Islands, but no line of demarcation had been set on the other side of the world. This meant that both countries could lay claim to the Spice Islands, as long as Portugal travelled there from the east and Spain from the west. After Magellan's conquest, the Spanish explore the Pacific, which gave them control over the Pacific countries including the Philippines. The chapter also discusses how the charting of 'Urdaneta's Route' made possible a trans-Pacific galleon trade and the profitable colonization of the Philippines and other Latin American countries. Soon ships were travelling regularly from Manila to New Spain. A complex trade network evolved that was truly global in nature. Into Manila would flow spices from the Moluccas and silk and porcelain from China. These would be shipped across the Pacific by the Spanish to Acapulco, a journey of four to six months. The silver came from Potosí, Bolivia where hundreds of thousands of enslaved Incan lives were sacrificed by the Spanish to extract that silver from the bowels of the earth. The mines became the centre of Spanish wealth and were the reason Spain remained powerful during the colonial period. From 1556 to 1783, they extracted some 45,000 tons of silver from these mines. Aside from these, is the silk production as New Spain had a native mulberry tree called the Morera criolla. The Spanish finished their conquest by 1521 and by 1523, the first silkworm eggs had been exported to Mexico. Finally, the chapter closes how England, by means of American privateers, fought off Portugal and Spain.

Views Across the Pacific: The Galleon Trade and Its Traces in Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Cameron La Follette ◽  
Douglas Deur
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
Galleon Trade

The pacific Ocean Basin to 1850

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer F. Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
World History ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Geographical Feature

The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest and deepest ocean, spanning about one-third of the earth's surface. Despite its size, the Pacific has received only scant global historical attention when compared to the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. However, the Pacific has played a prominent role intermittently in world history, highlighted by Austronesian expansion, Manila Galleon trade, eighteenth-century European exploration, and the intense island-hopping military campaigns of World War II. At the same time, such historical interest did not translate into a familiar timeline integrating this watery geographical feature into a larger world historical framework. This article argues that there is more discontinuity than continuity to this ocean, and its history is best broken down by three distinct periods of exploration and settlement.

Religious Aspects of the Spanish Voyages in the Pacific during the Sixteenth Century and the Early Part of the Seventeenth

1948 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
André Gschaedler
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Spiritual Conquest

The Conquest of Mexico was under way when Magellan’s fleet left San Lucar, September 1519, in quest of a western route to the coveted Spice Islands. On May 22, 1607, the two smaller ships of Quirós’ armada put in at Cavite in the Philippines, bringing to a close the last of the great Spanish exploration voyages in the Pacific. By that time the English and the Dutch had entered the ocean. The Sea of the South of which Balboa had taken possession in the name of his sovereigns was not to be an exclusive preserve of Spain any more. Spain was on the defensive in the New World. The great era of Spanish discovery in the Pacific Ocean was not to outlast the climax of Spanish power in the Americas. Quirós never lost his faith in the mission of Spain in the Pacific, but his entreaties, and those of the friars who were ready to accompany him for the spiritual conquest of the Pacific insular world, met with deaf ears. The Spanish authorities were under the impression that Spain had already seized more than she could grasp. In the Pacific the Spaniards were now satisfied with keeping up the Manila Galleon trade, the life line of the Philippines. The task of exploration was taken up by Spain’s competitors the Dutch, the English and the French.

Religious Aspects of the Spanish Voyages in the Pacific during the Sixteenth Century and the Early Part of the Seventeenth

1948 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
André Gschaedler
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Spiritual Conquest

The Conquest of Mexico was under way when Magellan’s fleet left San Lucar, September 1519, in quest of a western route to the coveted Spice Islands. On May 22, 1607, the two smaller ships of Quirós’ armada put in at Cavite in the Philippines, bringing to a close the last of the great Spanish exploration voyages in the Pacific. By that time the English and the Dutch had entered the ocean. The Sea of the South of which Balboa had taken possession in the name of his sovereigns was not to be an exclusive preserve of Spain any more. Spain was on the defensive in the New World. The great era of Spanish discovery in the Pacific Ocean was not to outlast the climax of Spanish power in the Americas. Quirós never lost his faith in the mission of Spain in the Pacific, but his entreaties, and those of the friars who were ready to accompany him for the spiritual conquest of the Pacific insular world, met with deaf ears. The Spanish authorities were under the impression that Spain had already seized more than she could grasp. In the Pacific the Spaniards were now satisfied with keeping up the Manila Galleon trade, the life line of the Philippines. The task of exploration was taken up by Spain’s competitors the Dutch, the English and the French.

scholarly journals Admixture dynamics in colonial Mexico and the genetic legacy of the Manila Galleon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Esteban Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Alexander G Ioannidis ◽  
Erika Landa-Chavarria ◽  
Javier Blanco-Portillo ◽  
Consuelo D. Quinto-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
East Asian Ancestry

Mexico has considerable population substructure due to pre-Columbian diversity and subsequent variation in admixture levels from trans-oceanic migrations, primarily from Europe and Africa, but also, to a lesser extent, from Asia. Detailed analyses exploring sub-continental structure remain limited and post-Columbian demographic dynamics within Mexico have not been inferred with genomic data. We analyze the distribution of ancestry tracts to infer the timing and number of pulses of admixture in ten regions across Mexico, observing older admixture timings in the first colonial cities and more recent timings moving outward into southern and southeastern Mexico. We characterize the specific origin of the heterogeneous Native American ancestry in Mexico: a widespread western-central Native Mesoamerican component in northern Aridoamerican states and a central-eastern Nahua contribution in Guerrero (southern Mexico) and Veracruz to its north. Yucatan shows lowland Mayan ancestry, while Sonora exhibits a unique northwestern native Mexican ancestry matching no sampled reference, each consistent with localized indigenous cultures. Finally, in Acapulco, Guerrero a notable proportion of East Asian ancestry was observed, an understudied heritage in Mexico. We identified the source of this ancestry within Southeast Asia--specifically western Indonesian and non-Negrito Filipino--and dated its arrival to approximately thirteen generations ago (1620 CE). This points to a genetic legacy from the 17th century Manila Galleon trade between the colonial Spanish Philippines and the Pacific port of Acapulco in Spanish Mexico. Although this piece of the colonial Spanish trade route from China to Europe appears in historical records, it has been largely ignored as a source of genetic ancestry in Mexico, neglected due to slavery, assimilation as "Indios" and incomplete historical records.

scholarly journals Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific: Themes and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-168
Author(s):  
Bill Jeffery ◽  
Jennifer F. McKinnon ◽  
Hans Van Tilburg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galleon Trade

This article focuses on the underwater cultural heritage (UCH) located across the Pacific Ocean by sampling three temporal themes: living heritage and traditional indigenous cultural heritage, the global connections of the Manila Galleon trade, and the modern warfare of World War II (WWII). Many of the traditional cultural practices (living heritage) and tangible cultural heritage related to indigenous people of the Pacific are coastal and sea related. Their world encompasses the sea, which was not seen as a barrier as but a much-used connection to people occupying the thousands of islands. The Pacific contains an extensive maritime cultural heritage, including UCH, which reflects the cultural identity of people living in the region. From the 16th to 18th centuries, the Spanish Empire prospered through an elaborate Asia-Pacific trade network. The Manila Galleon trade between Manila, Philippines, and Acapulco, Mexico, connected into the existing Atlantic trade transporting commodities such as porcelain, silver, spices and textiles from Asia to the Americas and Spain. Of the 400 known voyages between 1565 and 1815, approximately 59 shipwrecks occurred, of which only a handful of galleons have been investigated. The scale of WWII heritage in the Pacific region reflects the intensity and impacts of global conflicts fought across the world’s largest ocean. Associated UCH includes near shore defensive infrastructure, landing and amphibious assault craft, submerged aircraft, and a wide range of ships and submarines, auxiliary, combatant and non-military casualties alike. Twentieth century warfare involved massive losses of material. The legacy of submerged battlefields in the Pacific is complex. Interest is high in the discovery of naval UCH, but critical aspects are often intertwined. Archaeology, history, reuse, memorialisation (gravesites), tourism, unexploded ordnance, environmental threat (fuel oil), ownership and salvage all shape what we can learn from this resource.

The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1374
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

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