Longleaf Pine Cone Production and the Influence of Super-Producing Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-344
Author(s):  
Thomas Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Cone

scholarly journals The Percentage of Trees Bearing Cones as a Predictor for Annual Longleaf Pine Cone Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
One Way Anova

The U.S. Forest Service has monitored longleaf pine cone production at sites throughout the southeastern United States for over 60 years. Data from the multi-decadal surveys have supported our understanding of the variability of stand-level cone production as it relates to environmental and ecological processes, and more broadly, how longleaf pine operates as a masting species. Cones from longleaf pine are counted each spring using visual surveys that follow a standard protocol. Rapid mast assessments have been proposed in the literature as an alternative to traditional methods, yet these approaches have not been examined for longleaf pine. In this study, I compared average cone production (using the traditional method) to the percentage of trees bearing cones (rapid assessment) to understand the relationship between these two mast measurements. I examined 29 years of data from 18 cone-monitoring sites containing 234 trees. Using simple linear models, I discovered the percentage of trees bearing cones explained 58–94% of the variance in log-average cone production across all sites. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed cone crops required for successful regeneration (25 + cones per tree) occurred when the percentage of trees bearing cones exceeded 90%, and the results from this study underscore the utility of a simple 90% threshold when determining a successful cone crop. While traditional cone-count methods should not be abandoned, I advocate for the use of rapid cone-crop assessments when a proxy approach is suitable.

scholarly journals 30-year cone production dynamics in Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica) in the southern boreal zone: a causal interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Sergey Goroshkevich ◽  
Svetlana Velisevich ◽  
Aleksandr Popov ◽  
Oleg Khutornoy ◽  
Galina Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Effective Temperatures

Background and aims – Siberian stone pine is a keystone species for Siberia, and numerous studies have analyzed Siberian stone pine seeding dynamics in connection with the dynamics of weather conditions. However, all studies were based on observations before 1990. The aim of the study was to expand our knowledge about the balance of weather and climatic factors in the regulation of cone production to enable conclusions about the current reproductive function in Siberian stone pine.Material and methods – We monitored Siberian stone pine cone production in the southeastern region of the Western Siberian Plain, in association with climatic factors, over a period of 30 years. To analyze the relationship with weather conditions, we used the trait mature cone number per tree and weather data obtained from the weather station in Tomsk.Key results – During this period, cone production decreased by about one-third, mainly caused by the complete absence of high yields. The main factor negatively affecting cone production was late spring frost: severe frost occurring with a large accumulated sum of effective temperatures resulted in full cone loss, and light frost substantially reduced cone number. A less important but significant climatic factor was September temperature: as the temperature increased, the cone number decreased in the following year. Over the last 30 years, the sum of the effective temperatures at which the last spring frost occurs, as well as the average September temperature, increased considerably, resulting in reduced cone production.Conclusion – If the current climatic trend is maintained, and especially if it is strengthened, Siberian stone pine cone production in the southern boreal forest zone on the Western Siberian Plane is unlikely to provide for the effective renewal of the species.

Variability of Siberian Stone Pine Cone Production under Conditions of Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
R.S. Khamitov ◽  
◽  
M.A. M.A. Andronova ◽  
A.M. Antonov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone Pine ◽  
Siberian Stone ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Cone

scholarly journals Relations in the Size Variation of Plant Organs: a Case Study of Staghorn Sumac Leaves and Longleaf Pine Cone Scales

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Kimberly A. Bowman ◽  
Zhuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
New Information

Plants automatically control the size variations in organs to achieve efficient exploitation of resources. However, it is unclear whether the scaling relationships of plant organs share a similar character for different individuals under varied micro-conditions (e.g., light and soil water). We conducted a case study of the lengths of staghorn sumac leaves and longleaf pine cone scales to test the relationships. Our results indicated that although there were size variations, there existed power laws of frequency in the lengths of staghorn sumac leaves and longleaf pine cone scales. The exponents differed but were positively correlated with the minimum length of leaves or cone scales. Taylor’s Law existed in the lengths of cone scales and some tree leaves, and scale break was observed. This study provides new information on scaling relationships and self-organization in the patterns of tree parts arrangement. Taylor’s Law may be used to detect minor changes in the growth regime.

Association of western white pine cone crops with weather variables

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis
Keyword(s):  
White Pine ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature Range ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
One Year

Twenty-one-year records of western white pine cone counts were analyzed with seven meteorological variables to find if any combinations of available weather factors were associated with the induction of reproductive buds and successful development of the strobili. The weather in three periods before the physical initiation of the potentially reproductive cycle showed association with cone counts: (1) sunny weather in June, 39 months before cone maturation; (2) warm, sunny, dry weather in September and October, 36 and 35 months before cone maturation; and (3) warm, sunny, dry weather with wide daily temperature range in June and July, 27 and 26 months before cone maturation, appeared to promote differentiation of potentially reproductive buds. During and after the initiation of bud primordia, the weather in four periods appeared to be associated with cone production: (1) warm and possibly wet weather in August, September, and October, 25 to 23 months before cone maturation; (2) rain in the third quarter of July, 4 weeks after pollination and 14 months before cone maturation; (3) warm temperatures in September, October, and November, 12 to 10 months before cone maturation; and (4) sunny, warm, dry weather in May, 4 months before cone maturation, appeared to be beneficial to cone development.

Analyzing the complexity of cone production in longleaf pine by multiscale entropy

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Qinfeng Guo ◽  
Dale G. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Cone Production

Longleaf pine cone–radial growth relationships in the southeastern U.S.A.

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Patterson ◽  
Paul Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pine Cone

scholarly journals Longleaf Pine Cone Collection on the Sabine National Forest during October 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
George F. Weick ◽  
Earlene Bracy Jackson ◽  
Robert Smith ◽  
James Crooks ◽  
Barbara Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Pine Cone

scholarly journals Power Laws in Cone Production of Longleaf Pine across Its Native Range in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Qinfeng Guo ◽  
Dale G. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
The United States ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Scaling Exponents ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Cone Production

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in the southeastern United States are considered endangered ecosystems, because of their dramatic decrease in area since European colonization and poor rates of recovery related to episodic natural regeneration. Sporadic seed production constrains restoration efforts and complicates sustainable management of this species. Previous studies of other tree species found invariant scaling properties in seed output. Here, using long-term monitoring data for cone production at seven sites across the native range of longleaf pine, we tested the possible presence of two types of power laws. Findings indicate that (i) the frequency distribution of cone production at seven sites, from 1958 to 2014, follows power law relationships with high level of significance; (ii) although there is no general trend in the dynamics of scaling exponents among all sites, there are dynamics of scaling exponents at each site, with sudden changes in scaling exponents generally corresponding to the years of higher or lower cone production; and (iii) Taylor’s power laws explain cone production at different locations, but the scaling exponents vary among these. Results from this computational approach provide new insight into the irregular cone production of longleaf pine at spatial and temporal scales. Integrated ecosystem monitoring will be necessary to more fully understand future changes in cone production. 

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