Mucosal Immune Response in Cattle with Subclinical Johne's Disease

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the pathogen of Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis), which mainly causes chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis in ruminants and has brought huge economic losses to animal husbandry. As a specific intracellular pathogen, when MAP invades the body, it is internalized by macrophages where it is able to replicate by inhibition of the phagosome maturation, escaping the host immune system and surviving, which leads to the spread of the disease. More recent studies have shown that circRNA is involved in many pathological and physiological processes of the body as the molecular sponge of miRNA, the scaffold of RNA binding protein and having the characteristic of being able to translate into protein. In this study, the mRNA and circRNA expression profiles of MAP-infected bovine monocyte-macrophages and uninfected bovine cells were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 618 differentially expressed mRNA were screened out, including 322 upregulated mRNA and 296 downregulated mRNA. In addition, the analysis of circRNA differential expression profile showed 39 differentially expressed genes including 12 upregulated and 27 downregulated genes. Moreover, differential genes belonging to cytokine activity, chemokine activity, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and other functional groups related to macrophage immune response were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO). Multiple signal pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, Toll-like receptor, IL-17, JAK-STAT, and other signaling pathways related to activating macrophage immune response were significantly enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In addition, RT-qPCR technology verified the accuracy of the mRNA sequencing results. In this study, we have obtained the transcriptome information of mRNA and circRNA of bovine monocyte-macrophage infected with MAP. These results will provide data support for the further study of mRNA–miRNA–circRNA network and immune escape mechanism of MAP and will enrich the knowledge of the molecular immune mechanisms of Johne’s disease as well.

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Protective Efficacy of Chitosan Coupled Johne’s Disease Vaccine

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-5218 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. Vasanthi ◽

S. Pavithra ◽

K. Vijayarani ◽

R. Venkataramanan ◽

K. Kumanan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Field Isolate ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Johne's Disease ◽

Johne’S Disease ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Th2 Response ◽

Th1 Response ◽

Post Immunization ◽

Ifn Γ

Background: Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic, economically important disease of domestic ruminants. Continuous efforts are being made to develop a potent vaccine for JD which confer a longer immunity. The present study was aimed at developing chitosan nanoparticles coupled JD vaccine and assess its efficacy. Methods: Potency of a heat killed, chitosan nanoparticle coupled JD vaccine developed with an Indian isolate of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) was tested in 107 goats. Pre and post immunization blood samples were collected at different time points and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for assessing IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 gene expressions. Immunized animals were challenged with a field isolate of MAP and the immune response was assessed. Result: Immunized goats were safe with no untoward reactions. Cytokine gene expression studies indicated a good Th1 response during 3-14 wk post immunization. The initial Th1 response was followed by a good Th2 response with a better IL-10 response than the IFN-γ and IL-2 responses in vaccinated animals at 23 wk PI. Both Th1 and Th2 responses were significantly higher in immunized animals at 23 and 34 weeks post challenge indicating a protective immune response.

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Diverse Cytokine Profile from Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells of Cull Cows Severely Affected with Johne's Disease

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.05201-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1467-1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dairu Shu ◽

Supatsak Subharat ◽

D. Neil Wedlock ◽

Dongwen Luo ◽

Geoffrey W. de Lisle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽

Johne's Disease ◽

Johne’S Disease ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Content Type ◽

Cull Cows ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease, is able to dampen or distort immune responses at the mucosal sites and coexist with a massive infiltration of immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Knowledge of the mechanism by whichM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosissubverts the immune response at the mucosal level in cattle is important for the development of improved disease control strategies, including new vaccines and diagnostic tests. In this study, 38 cull cows from herds infected withM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosiswere divided into four groups, based onM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisculture from gut tissues and histopathological lesion scores. Cytokine gene expression and secretion fromM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosissonicate-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cultures of the animals were compared. Antigen stimulation of MLN cells from the severely lesioned group resulted in significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of five cytokines, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-13, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which have a diverse range of functions, while there was no significant upregulation of these cytokines by the other groups. There were major differences between the responses of the PBMC and MLN cultures, with higher levels of secreted IFN-γ released from the MLN cultures and, conversely, higher levels of IL-10 released from the PBMC cultures. The upregulation of all five cytokines from cells at the site of infection in the severely lesioned animals suggested a dysregulated immune response, contributing to a failure to clear infection in this group of animals.

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