Cognitive neuroscience research of language development: the future path and layout

Humans enjoy a singular capacity to imagine events that differ from the “here-and-now.” Recent cognitive neuroscience research has linked such simulation processes to the brain's “default network.” However, extant cognitive theories suggest that perceivers reliably simulate only relatively proximal experiences—those that seem nearby, soon, likely to happen, or relevant to a close other. Here, we test these claims by examining spontaneous engagement of the default network while perceivers consider experiencing events from proximal and distal perspectives. Across manipulations of perspective in four dimensions, two regions of the default network—medial prefrontal cortex and retrosplenial cortex—were more active for proximal than distal events, supporting cognitive accounts that perceivers only richly simulate experiences that seem immediate and that perceivers represent different dimensions of distance similarly. Moreover, stable individual differences in default activity when thinking about distal events correlated with individual variability in an implicit measure of psychological distance, suggesting that perceivers naturally vary in their tendency to simulate far-off or unlikely experiences.

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Applications of Operations Research in Human Resource Management

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.38209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1611-1614

Author(s):

Vanya Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Human Resource Management ◽

Human Resource ◽

Real World ◽

Operations Research ◽

Operational Research ◽

Low Cost ◽

External World ◽

Future Plan ◽

The Future ◽

Future Path

Abstract: Operational HR encompasses the highly visible, day-to-day tactical operations required to keep a workforce running. This made us look for strategic approaches essential for most organisations. Be it defining the future path, determining the future plan, mission, vision, planning, objectives and goals of a particular organization. In a nutshell, we wanted to bring out the intricate relationship between HR and operational research especially considering the current dynamics of the external world. The unprecedented changes in HRM made us dig deeper on the importance of the role and applications of operations research to cope with these changes. Finally, we believed our research was complete when we presented real-world examples, and it was demonstrated to us that Operations Research approaches may assist firms in making good HR policy decisions at a low cost

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Remembering Over the Short and Long Term

Working Memory ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198842286.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 282-310

Author(s):

Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz ◽

Alexandru D. Iordan

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Strategic Processing ◽

Term Memory ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Time Courses

This chapter reviews evidence from behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research that supports a unitary view of memory whereby working memory and long-term memory phenomena arise from representations and processes that are largely shared when remembering over the short or long term. Using ‘false working memories’ as a case study, it highlights several paradoxes that cannot be explained by a multisystem view of memory in which working memory and long-term memory are structurally distinct. Instead, it is posited that behavioural memory effects over the short and long term relating to semantic processing, modality/domain-specificity, dual-task interference, strategic processing, and so on arise from the differences in activational states and availability of different representational features (e.g. sensory/perceptual, associative, action-based) that vary in their time courses and activity, attentional priority, and susceptibility to interference. Cognitive neuroscience evidence primarily from brain imaging methodologies that support this view is reviewed.

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Processes of believing: Where do they come from? What are they good for?

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.9773.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 2573 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rüdiger J. Seitz ◽

Raymond F. Paloutzian ◽

Hans-Ferdinand Angel

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

Brain Function ◽

Belief Systems ◽

Social Groups ◽

Personal Meaning ◽

Belief Formation ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Scholarly Discourse ◽

Theology And Philosophy

Despite the long scholarly discourse in Western theology and philosophy on religion, spirituality, and faith, explanations of what a belief and what believing is are still lacking. Recently, cognitive neuroscience research addressed the human capacity of believing. We present evidence suggesting that believing is a human brain function which results in probabilistic representations with attributes of personal meaning and value and thereby guides individuals’ behavior. We propose that the same mental processes operating on narratives and rituals constitute belief systems in individuals and social groups. Our theoretical model of believing is suited to account for secular and non-secular belief formation.

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