Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers

The manipulation of light via nanoengineered surfaces has excited the optical community in the past few decades. Among the many applications enabled by nanophotonic devices, sensing has stood out due to their capability of identifying miniscule refractive index changes. In particular, when free-space propagating light effectively couples into subwavelength volumes created by nanostructures, the strongly-localized near-fields can enhance light’s interaction with matter at the nanoscale. As a result, nanophotonic sensors can non-destructively detect chemical species in real-time without the need of exogenous labels. The impact of such nanophotonic devices on biochemical sensor development became evident as the ever-growing research efforts in the field started addressing many critical needs in biomedical sciences, such as low-cost analytical platforms, simple quantitative bioassays, time-resolved sensing, rapid and multiplexed detection, single-molecule analytics, among others. In this review, the optical transduction methods used to interrogate optical resonances of nanophotonic sensors will be highlighted. Specifically, the optical methodologies used thus far will be evaluated based on their capability of addressing key requirements of the future sensor technologies, including miniaturization, multiplexing, spatial and temporal resolution, cost and sensitivity.

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Low-cost lateral force sensor based on a core-offset multimode fiber interferometer with intensity based interrogation technique

10.1117/12.818989 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Da-Peng Zhou ◽

Bo Dong ◽

Li Wei ◽

Wing-Ki Liu ◽

John W. Y. Lit

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Force Sensor ◽

Lateral Force ◽

Multimode Fiber ◽

Interrogation Technique

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Trends and challenges in biochemical sensors for clinical and environmental monitoring

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200476040861 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 861-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Silvana Andreescu ◽

O. A. Sadik

Keyword(s):

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Diagnosis ◽

Electrochemical Biosensors ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Biochemical Sensors ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Dynamic Technique ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Recent Trends

Biochemical sensors have emerged as a dynamic technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different analytes in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food and process control. The need for a low-cost, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and rapid sensor continues to grow as the complexity of application areas increases. New biosensing techniques are emerging due to the need for shorter sample preparation protocols. Such novel biosensor designs make field and bed-site clinical testing simpler with substantial decrease in costs per sample throughputs. In this paper, we will review the recent trends and challenges in clinical and environmental biosensors. The review will focus on immunological, nucleic acid, and cell-based clinical and biological sensors. Special emphasis will be placed on the approaches used for immobilization or biological reagents and low-cost electrochemical biosensors. The promising biosensors for rapid diagnosis of cancer or HIV are also discussed.

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Nanostructured Organic/Hybrid Materials and Components in Miniaturized Optical and Chemical Sensors

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10030480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 480 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mario Prosa ◽

Margherita Bolognesi ◽

Lucia Fornasari ◽

Gerardo Grasso ◽

Laura Lopez-Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Materials ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Fast Response ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Biochemical Sensors ◽

Organic Hybrid ◽

And Performance

In the last decade, biochemical sensors have brought a disruptive breakthrough in analytical chemistry and microbiology due the advent of technologically advanced systems conceived to respond to specific applications. From the design of a multitude of different detection modalities, several classes of sensor have been developed over the years. However, to date they have been hardly used in point-of-care or in-field applications, where cost and portability are of primary concern. In the present review we report on the use of nanostructured organic and hybrid compounds in optoelectronic, electrochemical and plasmonic components as constituting elements of miniaturized and easy-to-integrate biochemical sensors. We show how the targeted design, synthesis and nanostructuring of organic and hybrid materials have enabled enormous progress not only in terms of modulation and optimization of the sensor capabilities and performance when used as active materials, but also in the architecture of the detection schemes when used as structural/packing components. With a particular focus on optoelectronic, chemical and plasmonic components for sensing, we highlight that the new concept of having highly-integrated architectures through a system-engineering approach may enable the full expression of the potential of the sensing systems in real-setting applications in terms of fast-response, high sensitivity and multiplexity at low-cost and ease of portability.

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Investigation of Low-Cost Interrogation Technique Based on Modulated Distributed Feedback Laser

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2019.2951436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 2460-2466 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dia Darwich ◽

Ayman Youssef ◽

Marco Pisco ◽

Haitham Zaraket

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Distributed Feedback ◽

Distributed Feedback Laser ◽

Interrogation Technique

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Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100075117 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 264-265

Author(s):

Y. L. Chen ◽

S. Fujlshiro

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

High Strength ◽

Alpha Phase ◽

Thick Sheet ◽

Omega Phase ◽

Beta Titanium Alloy ◽

Beta Titanium ◽

Beta Matrix ◽

Metastable Beta ◽

Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

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Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070801 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 72-73

Author(s):

J. D. Muzzy ◽

R. D. Hester ◽

J. L. Hubbard

Keyword(s):

Chromic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Crystalline Morphology ◽

Bulk Specimen ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Perfect Form ◽

Molecular Length ◽

Lamellar Texture ◽

Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

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