Non-Hermitian degeneracies of internal–external mode pairs in dielectric microdisks

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hwan Yi ◽  
Julius Kullig ◽  
Martina Hentschel ◽  
Jan Wiersig
Keyword(s):  
External Mode

scholarly journals Multiple-Image Encryption Algorithm Based on the 3D Permutation Model and Chaotic System

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Zhang ◽  
Xuesong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Chaotic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Image ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Permutation Model ◽  
Magic Cube ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

Large numbers of images are produced in many fields every day. The content security of digital images becomes an important issue for scientists and engineers. Inspired by the magic cube game, a three-dimensional (3D) permutation model is established to permute images, which includes three permutation modes, i.e., internal-row mode, internal-column mode, and external mode. To protect the image content on the Internet, a novel multiple-image encryption symmetric algorithm (block cipher) with the 3D permutation model and the chaotic system is proposed. First, the chaotic sequences and chaotic images are generated by chaotic systems. Second, the sender permutes the plain images by the 3D permutation model. Lastly, the sender performs the exclusive OR operation on permuted images. The simulation and algorithm comparisons display that the proposed algorithm possesses desirable encryption images, high security, and efficiency.

Raman and nuclear quadrupole resonance studies of the phase transition in pentachlorophenol

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Shurvell ◽  
J. Korppi-Tommola ◽  
R. J. C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Disordered Structure ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole

Raman and nqr spectra of pentachlorophenol (PCP) have been recorded at temperatures above and below the transition at 62 + 2 °C. The complete loss of structure in the Raman external mode region and the disappearance of the 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonances above the transition temperature indicate a disordered structure for the high temperature phase. Super-cooling is observed in nqr and Raman spectra when the sample is cooled through the transition temperature. No evidence for any new crystal phase is observed on cooling the sample to liquid nitrogen temperature. Eleven of the 12 external modes predicted from the reported crystal structure of PCP have been observed in the Raman spectrum at 77 K.

Self terms in external-mode formalism

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Chaplot ◽  
V. C. Sahni ◽  
K. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
External Mode

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL POTENTIAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY IN STUDYING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF AN INDIVIDUAL

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotional Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
The One ◽  
Authentic Life ◽  
Innate Ability

The article analyzes the conceptual potential of positive psychotherapy in studying the role of emotional intelligence (EQ) in the process of personal life fulfilment. Components of EQ, the organismic sense (the mechanism of understanding) and emotional competence (the mechanism of interpretation), have been found to be formed on the basis of innate abilities to love and learn. The imbalance in their development leads to the formation of a naive-primary or secondary-reactive type of personality, which is characterized by an internal or external mode of life, respectively. The former condition is marked by prevailing primary abilities and a neurotic need for contact (with oneself or with others), while the latter – by the dominance of secondary abilities and a compensatory reaction of escape into activity. The most optimal in terms of a congruent, meaningful and authentic life is an integrative mode, characterized by a relative harmony of actual abilities, and a high and balanced level of development of both EQ components. It has been established that basic emotional settings in the spheres of the I and Proto-We are responsible for the development of the organismic sense, whereas those of the We and You contribute to the formation of emotional competence. Thus, the organismic sense evolves mainly in the domains of Body and Senses, whereas emotional competence - through Activity and Contacts. This is due to the psychosomatic and axiological potential of the organismic sense, on the one hand, and the activity-based and social character of emotional competence, on the other. An innate ability to develop them has been proved by modern neurological studies. In accordance with them, interpretation is an innate ability of the human brain to construct an intra- and extrapsychic reality, which is later comprehended through understanding.

scholarly journals Humans and mice fluctuate between external and internal modes of sensory processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veith Andreas Weilnhammer ◽  
Heiner Stuke ◽  
Anna-Lena Eckert ◽  
Kai Standvoss ◽  
Philipp Sterzer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
External Information ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Internal Mode ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
External Mode

Perception cycles through periods of enhanced and reduced sensitivity to external information. Here, we asked whether such infra-slow oscillations arise as a noise-related epiphenomenon of limited processing capacity or, alternatively, represent a structured mechanism of perceptual inference. Using two large-scale datasets, we found that humans and mice waver between alternating intervals of externally- and internally-oriented modes of sensory analysis. During external mode, perception was more sensitive to external sensory information, whereas internal mode was characterized by enhanced biases toward perceptual history. Computational modeling indicated that dynamic changes in mode are governed by two interlinked factors: (i), the integration of subsequent stimuli over time and, (ii), infra-slow anti-phase oscillations in the perceptual impact of external sensory information versus internal predictions that are provided by perceptual history. Between-mode fluctuations may benefit perception by enabling the generation of stable representations of the environment despite an ongoing stream of noisy sensory inputs.

Overtransmission of Rossby Waves at a Lower-Layer Critical Latitude in the Two-Layer Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Gliatto ◽  
Isaac M. Held
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Scattering Problem ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
External Mode ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Critical Latitude ◽  
Pv Gradient

Abstract Rossby waves, propagating from the midlatitudes toward the tropics, are typically absorbed by critical latitudes (CLs) in the upper troposphere. However, these waves typically encounter CLs in the lower troposphere first. We study a two-layer linear scattering problem to examine the effects of lower CLs on these waves. We begin with a review of the simpler barotropic case to orient the reader. We then progress to the baroclinic case using a two-layer quasigeostrophic model in which there is vertical shear in the mean flow on which the waves propagate, and in which the incident wave is assumed to be an external-mode Rossby wave. We use linearized equations and add small damping to remove the critical-latitude singularities. We consider cases in which either there is only one CL, in the lower layer, or there are CLs in both layers, with the lower-layer CL encountered first. If there is only a CL in the lower layer, the wave’s response depends on the sign of the mean potential vorticity gradient at this lower-layer CL: if the PV gradient is positive, then the CL partially absorbs the wave, as in the barotropic case, while for a negative PV gradient, the CL is a wave emitter, and can potentially produce overreflection and/or overtransmission. Our numerical results indicate that overtransmission is by far the dominant response in these cases. When an upper-layer absorbing CL is encountered, following the lower-layer encounter, one can still see the signature of overtransmission at the lower-layer CL.

scholarly journals STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPRESSIBLE BINARY PLANAR JETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
M. T. Mendonca ◽  
M. M. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Phase Speed ◽  
Linear Stability Theory ◽  
Density Gradients ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
External Mode ◽  
The Stability

The present work investigates the stability of compressible binary planar jets. Different from a homogeneous jet, where a single chemical species is present, the binary jet may have strong density gradients due to the choice of the chemical species considered in each stream. The goal is to identify the possible instability  modes for simple and co-flowing jets and investigate the effect of density gradients on the flow structure, growth rates, unstable frequency range and disturbance phase speed for each mode. The effect of species concentration on free shear layer stability has been reported previously in the literature, but detailed comparisons between stability modes and characteristics for a range of density ratios typical of oxygen and hydrogen mixtures as well as the identification of inner and outer sinuous and varicose modes are new. Linear stability theory is used to determine the stability characteristics of the different configurations. For the co-flowing jet four different modes are found, the inner and outer shear layers both have sinuous and varicose modes. Both for the sinuous and varicose modes the simple jet is more unstable when the fluid with the highest density is at the inner jet, with amplification rates twice as high as the lowest density ratio considered, but the range of unstable frequencies can be four times lower. The sinuous mode is less dispersive than the varicose and the disturbance speeds may vary by one order of magnitude with density ratio. For co-flowing jets the external mode is up to seven times more unstable, but this is due to the choice of the velocity ratio considered. For the inner mode the density gradient has a stabilizing effect regardless of which species is at the center. The co-flowing jet is more dispersive, except for the varicose inner mode. The variation of phase speed with density gradient is not as strong as in the simple jet. The ratio of larges to lower phase speeds are of the order of 2 for the co-flowing jet and 4 for the simple jet.

scholarly journals Sperm Lipid Composition in Early Diverged Fish Species: Internal vs. External Mode of Fertilization

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin M. Engel ◽  
Viktoriya Dzyuba ◽  
Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira ◽  
Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira ◽  
Dirk Dannenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Adrenic Acid ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The lipid composition of sperm membranes is crucial for fertilization and differs among species. As the evolution of internal fertilization modes in fishes is not understood, a comparative study of the sperm lipid composition in freshwater representatives of externally and internally fertilizing fishes is needed for a better understanding of taxa-specific relationships between the lipid composition of the sperm membrane and the sperm physiology. The lipidomes of spermatozoa from stingray, a representative of cartilaginous fishes possessing internal fertilization, and sterlet, a representative of chondrostean fishes with external fertilization, have been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), electrospray MS, gas chromatography-(GC) MS, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). NMR experiments revealed higher cholesterol content and the presence of phosphatidylserine in stingray compared to sterlet sperm. Unknown MS signals could be assigned to different glycosphingolipids in sterlet (neutral glycosphingolipid Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)) and stingray (acidic glycosphingolipid sulpho-Gal-Cer(d18:1/16:0)). Free fatty acids in sterlet sperm indicate internal energy storage. GC-MS experiments indicated a significant amount of adrenic acid, but only a low amount of docosahexaenoic acid in stingray sperm. In a nutshell, this study provides novel data on sperm lipid composition for freshwater stingray and sterlet possessing different modes of fertilization.

scholarly journals On the computation of the barotropic mode of a free-surface world ocean model

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Deleersnijder ◽  
J.-M. Campin
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Variational Principles ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
External Mode ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Barotropic Mode

Abstract. The free-surface formulation of the equations of our world ocean model is briefly described. The barotropic mode equations are solved according to the split-explicit method, using different time steps for the external and internal modes. Because the numerical algorithm is implemented on the B-grid, a spurious, free-surface, two-grid interval mode may develop. This mode must be filtered out. The properties of two filters are theoretically investigated and their actual performance is tested in a series of numerical experiments. It is seen that one of these filters may severely perturb the local mass conservation, rendering it impossible to enforce the impermeability of the surface or the bottom of the ocean. The dynamics of the external mode is also examined, by studying the depth-integrated momentum equations. The depth-integral of the pressure force due to the slope of the ocean surface is approximately balanced by the depth-integral of the force ensuing from the horizontal variations of the density. The depth-integral of the Coriolis force is an order of magnitude smaller, except in the Southern Ocean. Two variational principles are resorted to for computing the fictitious ocean surface elevation corresponding to the approximate equilibrium between the dominant forces of the barotropic momentum equations.

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