Non-Destructive Determination of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Cross-Linking in Photovoltaic (PV) Modules by Raman Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boril S. Chernev ◽  
Christina Hirschl ◽  
Gabriele C. Eder
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Non Destructive

In-line determination of the degree of crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate in PV modules by Raman spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Hirschl ◽  
L. Neumaier ◽  
W. Mühleisen ◽  
M. Zauner ◽  
G. Oreski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pv Modules

scholarly journals Contact-free Determination of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Crosslinking in PV Modules with Fluorescence Emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Morlier ◽  
Marc Köntges ◽  
Susanne Blankemeyer ◽  
Iris Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Contact Free

Non-destructive monitoring of ethylene vinyl acetate crosslinking in PV-modules by luminescence spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Caspar Schlothauer ◽  
Clea Peter ◽  
Christina Hirschl ◽  
Gernot Oreski ◽  
Beate Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Non Destructive

Determination of the cross-linking degree of commercial ethylene-vinyl-acetate polymer by luminescence spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Caspar Schlothauer ◽  
Rojonirina Maryline Ralaiarisoa ◽  
Arnaud Morlier ◽  
Marc Köntges ◽  
Beate Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Cross

Non-destructive determination of the cross-linking degree of EVA by Raman Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Peike ◽  
◽  
Witchuda Phondongnok ◽  
Thomas Kaltenbach ◽  
Karl-Anders Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Single-sided NMR for the measurement of the degree of cross-linking and curing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Halmen ◽  
Christoph Kugler ◽  
Eduard Kraus ◽  
Benjamin Baudrit ◽  
Thomas Hochrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
First Results ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. The degree of cross-linking and curing is one of the most important values concerning the quality of cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) and the functionality of adhesives and resin-based components. Up to now, the measurement of this property has mostly been time-consuming and usually destructive. Within the shown work the feasibility of single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for the non-destructive determination of the degree of cross-linking and curing as process monitoring was investigated. First results indicate the possibility of distinguishing between PE-X samples with different degrees of cross-linking. The homogeneity of the samples and the curing kinetics of adhesives can also be monitored. The measurements show good agreement with reference tests (wet chemical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric analysis). Furthermore, the influence of sample temperature on the characteristic relaxation times can be observed.

Optical transmission as a fast and non-destructive tool for determination of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate curing state in photovoltaic modules

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Yu Li ◽  
Laure-Emmanuelle Perret-Aebi ◽  
Ricardo Théron ◽  
Christophe Ballif ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Non Destructive

Online determination of chemical and physical properties of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) pellets using a novel method of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with angle transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2435-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchun Xie ◽  
Hongfu Yuan ◽  
Chunfeng Song ◽  
Xiangjun Yan ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Melt flow rate (MFR) and vinyl acetate content (VAC) are the target parameters for quality control of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) pellets in production processes.

scholarly journals Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2857
Author(s):  
Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska ◽  
Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Corporate Social

Photovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part of corporate social responsibility to safeguard the environment and to implement a fully material-circulated society without any waste. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer is a thermoplastic containing cross-linkable ethylene vinyl acetate, which is used to encapsulate the photovoltaic cells. The cells are laminated between films of EVA in a vacuum, under compression, and up to 150·°C. The encapsulant’s primary purpose is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of the module together. In the photovoltaic module recycling process, the second important step (after mechanical dismantling of the frame) is EVA lamination removal. In this study, different parameters of the thermal delamination method used during the recycling process were experimentally tested and compared, and the most ecological and economical one is proposed.

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