scholarly journals Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. e0000088
Author(s):  
Helena R. A. Feasey ◽  
Rachael M. Burke ◽  
Marriott Nliwasa ◽  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Jonathan E. Golub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Notification

Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41–0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88–1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02–1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91–1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Funding on Childhood TB Case Detection in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amyn A. Malik ◽  
Hamidah Hussain ◽  
Jacob Creswell ◽  
Sara Siddiqui ◽  
Junaid F. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Finding ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Notification

This study is a review of routine programmatically collected data to describe the 5-year trend in childhood case notification in Jamshoro district, Pakistan from January 2013 to June 2018 and review of financial data for the two active case finding projects implemented during this period. The average case notification in the district was 86 per quarter before the start of active case finding project in October 2014. The average case notification rose to 322 per quarter during the implementation period (October 2014 to March 2016) and plateaued at 245 per quarter during the post-implementation period (April 2016 to June 2018). In a specialized chest center located in the district, where active case finding was re-introduced during the post implementation period (October 2016), the average case notification was 218 per quarter in the implementation period and 172 per quarter in the post implementation period. In the rest of the district, the average case notification was 160 per quarter in the implementation period and 78 during the post implementation period. The cost per additional child with TB found ranged from USD 28 to USD 42 during the interventions. A continuous stream of resources is necessary to sustain high notifications of childhood TB.

scholarly journals Acceptability of active case finding with a seed-and-recruit model to improve tuberculosis case detection and linkage to treatment in Cambodia: A qualitative study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0210919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Alvin Kuo Jing Teo ◽  
Danielle Cazabon ◽  
Say Sok ◽  
Mengieng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Active Case

scholarly journals Mobile community-based active case-finding for tuberculosis among older populations in rural Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Camelique ◽  
S. Scholtissen ◽  
J.-P. Dousset ◽  
M. Bonnet ◽  
M. Bastard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mobile Community ◽  
Older Populations

OBJECTIVE: To systematically screen older rural populations in Cambodia for tuberculosis (TB) and develop an effective active case-finding (ACF) model for this TB high-risk group.DESIGN: A retrospective study using routinely collected programmatic data on community-based ACF among people aged ≥55 years using TB symptoms and systematic chest radiography (CXR) screening, followed by Xpert® MTB/RIF testing for participants with positive screening results and TB culture for certain Xpert-negative specimens.RESULTS: Of 22 101 participants included in the analysis, 7469 (33.8%) were screening-positive and 5960 (27.0%) underwent Xpert testing. Pulmonary TB was identified in 482 (2.2%) individuals: 288 (1.3%) were bacteriologically confirmed (253 using Xpert, 35 using culture) and 194 (0.9%) were clinically diagnosed. Eighty-seven people needed to be screened in order to diagnose one Xpert-positive case. Among the Xpert-positive cases, only 31.6% (80/253) reported cough ≥2 weeks, and 39.9% (101/253) were asymptomatic but had a CXR suggestive of active TB. Treatment uptake was 97.3% (469/482), and treatment success was 88.0% (424/482).CONCLUSIONS: Community-based ACF was effective in detecting and successfully treating older TB patients, most of whom might otherwise have remained undiagnosed. Mobile CXR appears to be crucial in identifying a high number of asymptomatic, bacteriologically confirmed cases.

scholarly journals Correction to: Role of community-based active case finding in screening tuberculosis in Yunnan province of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ou Chen ◽  
Yu-Bing Qiu ◽  
Zulma Vanessa Rueda ◽  
Jing-Long Hou ◽  
Kun-Yun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Active Case

Utilizing chest X-ray based active case finding approach for early tuberculosis case detection in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shifa Habib ◽  
Kiran Azeemi ◽  
S. M. Asad Zaidi ◽  
Wafa Jamal ◽  
Talha Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Finding ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals A Multi-Faceted Approach to Tuberculosis Active Case Finding among Remote Riverine Communities in Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9424
Author(s):  
Andy Samuel Eyo ◽  
Valerie Okon Obot ◽  
Okezie Onyedinachi ◽  
Nathaly Aguilera Vasquez ◽  
Jacob Bigio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Outreach ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Community Volunteers ◽  
The Impact

Nigeria accounts for 11% of the worldwide gap between estimated and reported individuals with tuberculosis (TB). Hard-to-reach communities on the Southern Nigeria coast experience many difficulties accessing TB services. We implemented an active case finding (ACF) intervention in Akwa Ibom and Cross River states utilizing three approaches: house-to-house/tent-to-tent screening, community outreach and contact investigation. To evaluate the impact, we compared TB notifications in intervention areas to baseline and control population notifications, as well as to expected notifications based on historical trends. We also gathered field notes from discussions with community volunteers who provided insights on their perspectives of the intervention. A total of 509,768 individuals were screened of which 12,247 (2.4%) had TB symptoms and 11,824 (96.5%) were tested. In total, 1015 (8.6%) of those identified as presumptive had confirmed TB—98.2% initiated treatment. Following implementation, TB notifications in intervention areas increased by 112.9% compared to baseline and increased by 138.3% when compared to expected notifications based on historical trends. In contrast, control population notifications increased by 101% and 49.1%, respectively. Community volunteers indicated a preference for community outreach activities. Multi-faceted, community-based interventions in Nigeria’s coastal areas successfully increase TB detection for communities with poor access to health services.

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