Modeling Correlation between Android Permissions Based on Threat and Protection Level Using Exploratory Factor Plane Analysis

The evolution of mobile technology has increased correspondingly with the number of attacks on mobile devices. Malware attack on mobile devices is one of the top security challenges the mobile community faces daily. While malware classification and detection tools are being developed to fight malware infection, hackers keep deploying different infection strategies, including permissions usage. Among mobile platforms, Android is the most targeted by malware because of its open OS and popularity. Permissions is one of the major security techniques used by Android and other mobile platforms to control device resources and enhance access control. In this study, we used the t-Distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and Self-Organizing Map techniques to produce a visualization method using exploratory factor plane analysis to visualize permissions correlation in Android applications. Two categories of datasets were used for this study: the benign and malicious datasets. Dataset was obtained from Contagio, VirusShare, VirusTotal, and Androzoo repositories. A total of 12,267 malicious and 10,837 benign applications with different categories were used. We demonstrate that our method can identify the correlation between permissions and classify Android applications based on their protection and threat level. Our results show that every permission has a threat level. This signifies those permissions with the same protection level have the same threat level.

The phenomenon of modern Crimean citizen journalism: survey results

The purpose of the study is to cover the characteristic, the development of common Crimean citizen journalistic movement features as a social phenomenon, a phenomenon that arose after the occupation through the identification of a modern journalist portrait. The study uses the general scientific method of empirical research as the main one, the sociological method of a questionnaire survey, as well as the methods of classification, generalization, observation, statistical calculation. An analysis of a survey of Crimean citizen journalists demonstrates the existence of an active, mobile community in Crimea that seeks to provide information and human rights nonviolent resistance to the occupation.

Mobile HIV testing in South Africa: maximizing yield through data-guided site selection

BACKGROUND: Mobile community HIV testing can effectively reach undiagnosed people living with HIV in southern Africa. Variable yield in HIV test positivity has been a challenge with high- and low-yield sites often being closely situated. We sought to test whether easy-to-identify, site-level characteristics were associated with HIV positivity yield in a routine mobile HIV testing program.METHODS: We used routine testing program test data augmented with site-level characterization, either of the community or shopping site at which HIV testing was offered. Specifically, we described the local environment and interviewed key informants to gain additional information regarding the availability of HIV and other services in the locale.RESULTS: We included 122 residential and 26 shopping sites with median HIV-positive test yields of 7.6% and 6.9%, respectively. The range for community sites was from 2 to 55% with high and low yields at geographically proximal sites. Factors related to lower income and marginalization, including informal housing and the absence of name-brand stores in shopping venues, were associated with higher HIV-positive testing yield.CONCLUSIONS: Characterization of sites, particularly identifying factors related to marginalization, lack of services, and poverty, can aid in identifying sites with higher HIV-positive yield.

Optimizing community linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy Initiation: Lessons from the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) and their adaptation in Nigeria ART Surge

Background Ineffective linkage to care (LTC) is a known challenge for community HIV testing. To overcome this challenge, a robust linkage to care strategy was adopted by the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The NAIIS linkage to care strategy was further adapted to improve Nigeria’s programmatic efforts to achieve the 1st 90 as part of the Nigeria Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Surge initiative, which also included targeted community testing. In this paper we provide an overview of the NAIIS LTC strategy and describe the impact of this strategy on both the NAIIS and the Surge initiatives. Methods The NAIIS collaborated with community-based organizations (CBOs) and deployed mobile health (mHealth) technology with real-time dashboards to manage and optimize community LTC for people living with HIV (PLHIV) diagnosed during the survey. In NAIIS, CBOs’ role was to facilitate linkage of identified PLHIV in community to facility of their choice. For the ART Surge, we modified the NAIIS LTC strategy by empowering both CBOs and mobile community teams as responsible for not only active LTC but also for community testing, ART initiation, and retention in care. Results Of the 2,739 PLHIV 15 years and above identified in NAIIS, 1,975 (72.1%) were either unaware of their HIV-positive status (N = 1890) or were aware of their HIV-positive status but not receiving treatment (N = 85). Of these, 1,342 (67.9%) were linked to care, of which 952 (70.9%) were initiated on ART. Among 1,890 newly diagnosed PLHIV, 1,278 (67.6%) were linked to care, 33.7% self-linked and 66.3% were linked by CBOs. Among 85 known PLHIV not on treatment, 64 (75.3%) were linked; 32.8% self-linked and 67.2% were linked by a CBO. In the ART Surge, LTC and treatment initiation rates were 98% and 100%, respectively. Three-month retention for monthly treatment initiation cohorts improved from 76% to 90% over 6 months. Conclusions Active LTC strategies by local CBOs and mobile community teams improved LTC and ART initiation in the ART Surge initiative. The use of mHealth technology resulted in timely and accurate documentation of results in NAIIS. By deploying mHealth in addition to active LTC, CBOs and mobile community teams could effectively scale up ART with real-time documentation of client-level outcomes.

The Effects of Workgroup Negative Functions on Work Well-being during the COVID-19 Outbreak

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), limiting face-to-face interaction is one of the best strategies for reducing the spread of COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has driven the demand for workgroup application solutions to reduce the risk of cross-infection caused by close contact. This study explores the effects of workgroup negative functions (WNF) on work well-being (WWB) through job stress (JST) from the perspective of the mobile community. The data of participants from different workgroups were collected during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results showed that (1) the workgroup negative functions (WNF) positively affects the job stress (JST); (2) the job stress (JST) negatively affects the work well-being (WWB); (3) the workgroup negative functions (WNF) directly has no significant effects on the work well-being (WWB).

RUMAH SINGGAH KOMUNITAS LANSIA DI BOGOR

The occurrence of the aging population phenomenon in the future between 2030-2050 will result in the domination of the elderly population in the world, which is caused by the phenomenon of baby boomers that occurred in the 1960-70s where birth rates and dependence rates were very high. Elderly is the peak of the last cycle in human life so that the aging process will occur which is marked by a decrease in physical and psychological functions. This decline can be overcome by meeting the needs of the elderly such as the ability to be mobile, community and the most important thing is health. The development of times and the flow of globalization require people to be able to survive in all conditions. However, the busyness of their children at work is often the impact of the physical and psychological conditions of the elderly, which in the process of aging require more attention. In Indonesia, there are already many nursing homes where the elderly live. However, the social structure in Indonesia is not used to the trend of elderly people living separately from their families and homes. Therefore, the project of the Halfway House for the Elderly in Bogor can become a new place that can accommodate the needs of the elderly to get attention to their aging condition without having to leave their home and family. The Halfway House provides rooms that can be occupied periodically after attending seminars and therapy activities. Facilities such as entertainment, fitness, animal therapy, environmental therapy are available to apply the concept through the retreat, recharge and reborn stages so that they can become productive and be active for the elderly community. Keywords: health; community; elderly; aging; halfway house Abstrak Terjadinya fenomena aging population pada tahun 2030-2050 mendatang dimana populasi lansia akan mendominasi muka bumi diakibatkan oleh adanya fenomena baby boomers yang terjadi pada tahun 1960-70an dimana angka kelahiran dan ketergantungan sangat tinggi. Lansia merupakan puncak siklus terakhir dalam kehidupan manusia sehingga akan terjadinya proses penuaan yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi fisik dan psikis. Penurunan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan terhadap lansia seperti kemampuan untuk bermobilitas, berkomunitas dan hal yang terpenting adalah kesehatan. Berkembangnya zaman dan arus globalisasi menuntut masyarakat untuk dapat bertahan hidup dalam segala kondisi. Namun, kesibukan anak untuk bekerja seringkali menjadi dampak kondisi fisik dan psikis lansia yang dalam proses penuaannya membutuhkan perhatian lebih. Di Indonesia, sudah terdapat banyak panti jompo yang menjadi tempat tinggal kaum lansia. Akan tetapi, struktur masyarakat di Indonesia kurang menyukai dan tidak terbiasa apabila lansia harus tinggal secara terpisah dari keluarga dan rumah mereka. Oleh karena itu, proyek Rumah Singgah Komunitas Lansia di Bogor ini dapat menjadi tempat baru yang dapat mewadahi kebutuhan lansia untuk mendapatkan perhatian pada kondisi penuaan mereka tanpa harus meninggalkan rumah dan keluarganya. Rumah singgah ini menyediakan unit kamar yang dapat dihuni secara periodik tertentu setelah mengikuti seminar, dan kegiatan terapi. Fasilitas-fasilitas seperti hiburan, kebugaran, terapi hewan, terapi lingkungan yang tersedia diterapkan untuk mewujudkan konsep benih melalui tahapan retreat, recharge dan reborn sehingga dapat menjadi rumah singgah yang produktif dan aktif bagi komunitas lansia.

Location-Based Mobile Community Using Ants-Based Cluster Algorithm

A location based service (LBS) is widely used on modern smartphone around the world asits built-in features. Each smartphone can access a google API or map. People can therefore share their location (latitude and longitude) among friends. Many LBS spots can easily form “location based mobile community (LBMC).” Since the nodes are mobile, the community group changes dynamically and is unstructured. Ant-based clustering algorithm is a special kind of optimization technique which is highly suitable for finding the adaptive clustering for volatile networks. This Paper Aims To form a location based mobile community (LBMC) by using Ant-based clustering algorithm. Due to the mobile type community, a vanishing community problem is also stated in this paper. Instead of redo a whole algorithm again, we modify an original algorithm by applying a pheromone concept to handle a change. Our algorithm is named as ABCA & VP which stands for Ant-Based Clustering Algorithm with Vanishing problem. More than 5,000 samples from their latitude and longitude coordinates in Thailand. From an experiment, K-means clustering work well in small data size and low number of clusters. In Small size of data between 50 and 1000, our algorithm runs battery when a number of clusters reach 15 clusters. In a big data size (between 1,000 and 5,000 samples), our algorithm outperforms K-means clustering when a number of clusters reach 20 clusters.

Personal and social factors that influence physical activity levels in community-dwelling stroke survivors: A systematic review of qualitative literature

Objectives: To determine the personal and social factors perceived to influence physical activity levels in stroke survivors. Data sources: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to November 2020, including reference and citation list searches. Study selection: The initial search yielded 1499 papers, with 14 included in the review. Included articles were peer-reviewed, qualitative studies, reporting on the perceived factors influencing physical activity levels of independently mobile community-dwelling adults, greater than 3 months post stroke. Data extraction: Data extracted included location, study aim, design, participant and recruitment information and how data were collected and analysed. Data synthesis: Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify meanings and patterns, generate codes and develop themes. Five main themes were identified: (i) Social networks are important influencers of physical activity; (ii) Participation in meaningful activities rather than ‘exercise’ is important; (iii) Self-efficacy promotes physical activity and physical activity enhances self-efficacy; (iv) Pre-stroke identity related to physical activity influences post-stroke physical activity; and (v) Formal programmes are important for those with low self-efficacy or a sedentary pre-stroke identity. Conclusions: Physical activity levels in stroke survivors are influenced by social activities and support, pre-stroke identity, self-efficacy levels and completion of activities that are meaningful to stroke survivors.

Field performance evaluation of the PanBio rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay in an epidemic driven by 501Y.v2 (lineage B.1.351) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

BackgroundSouth Africa was the African country most severely affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during 2020, experiencing 2 waves of infection. During the first wave, diagnostics were largely based on reverse transcription-linked PCR (RT-PCR). The Abbott PanBio antigen test was deployed during the 2nd wave which was driven by emergence of the 501Y.v2 variant. At the time of evaluation in mid-November 2020, 501Y.v2 was the dominant circulating virus in Nelson Mandela Bay, in the Eastern Cape Province.MethodsA prospective diagnostic evaluation study was undertaken, during a period of high community transmission, to evaluate the field performance of the PanBio antigen RTD. Testing was conducted at mobile community testing centres on 677 ambulant patients seeking SARS-CoV-2 testing. RT-PCR was performed on the original naso-pharyngeal antigen swabs to evaluate test performance.ResultsOf 146 RT-PCR positive individuals, 101 were RTD positive in the clinic. The antigen RTD had an overall sensitivity of 69.2% (95%CI 61.4, 75.8) and specificity of 99.0% (95%CI 98.8, 99.3) in this clinical context. Sensitivity was strongly dependent on the amount of virus in clinical samples, as reflected by the PCR cycle threshold (CT) value, with 100% detection in samples where the CT was <20, 96% with CT between 20-25, 89% with CT between 26-30 and 64% when CT was 31-35.ConclusionsThe assay reliably detected 501Y.v2 infections in ambulatory ill patients. Assay sensitivity was >90% in patients with high viral loads who are expected to be most infectious. Negative and positive predictive values were also >90%.

Onchocerciasis control in Ghana (1974–2016)

Background The control of onchocerciasis in Ghana started in 1974 under the auspices of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). Between 1974 and 2002, a combination of approaches including vector control, mobile community ivermectin treatment, and community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) were employed. From 1997, CDTI became the main control strategy employed by the Ghana OCP (GOCP). This review was undertaken to assess the impact of the control interventions on onchocerciasis in Ghana between 1974 and 2016, since which time the focus has changed from control to elimination. Methods In this paper, we review programme data from 1974 to 2016 to assess the impact of control activities on prevalence indicators of onchocerciasis. This review includes an evaluation of CDTI implementation, microfilaria (Mf) prevalence assessments and rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis results. Results This review indicates that the control of onchocerciasis in Ghana has been very successful, with a significant decrease in the prevalence of infection from 69.13% [95% confidence interval) CI 60.24–78.01] in 1975 to 0.72% (95% CI 0.19–1.26) in 2015. Similarly, the mean community Mf load decreased from 14.48 MF/skin snip in 1975 to 0.07 MF/skin snip (95% CI 0.00–0.19) in 2015. Between 1997 and 2016, the therapeutic coverage increased from 58.50 to 83.80%, with nearly 100 million ivermectin tablets distributed. Conclusions Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of onchocerciasis in Ghana, there are still communities with MF prevalence above 1%. As the focus of the GOCP has changed from the control of onchocerciasis to its elimination, both guidance and financial support are required to ensure that the latter goal is met.