scholarly journals Metallothioneins Are Required for Formation of Cross-Adaptation Response to Neurobehavioral Toxicity from Lead and Mercury Exposure in Nematodes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e14052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boping Ye ◽  
Qi Rui ◽  
Qiuli Wu ◽  
Dayong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Cross Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Response

scholarly journals The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Corrado Regalbuto ◽  
Federica Vinci ◽  
Debora Porri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Healthy Growth

Puberty is a crucial developmental stage in the life span, necessary to achieve reproductive and somatic maturity. Timing of puberty is modulated by and responds to central neurotransmitters, hormones, and environmental factors leading to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation. The connection between hormones and nutrition during critical periods of growth, like fetal life or infancy, is fundamental for metabolic adaptation response and pubertal development control and prediction. Since birth weight is an important indicator of growth estimation during fetal life, restricted prenatal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA), may impact endocrine system, affecting pubertal development. Successively, lactation along with early life optimal nutrition during infancy and childhood may be important in order to set up timing of sexual maturation and provide successful reproduction at a later time. Sexual maturation and healthy growth are also influenced by nutrition requirements and diet composition. Early nutritional surveillance and monitoring of pubertal development is recommended in all children, particularly in those at risk, such as the ones born SGA and/or IUGR, as well as in the case of sudden weight gain during infancy. Adequate macro and micronutrient intake is essential for healthy growth and sexual maturity.

scholarly journals Global evidence of constraints and limits to human adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Thomas ◽  
Emily Theokritoff ◽  
Alexandra Lesnikowski ◽  
Diana Reckien ◽  
Kripa Jagannathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Global Evidence

AbstractConstraints and limits to adaptation are critical to understanding the extent to which human and natural systems can successfully adapt to climate change. We conduct a systematic review of 1,682 academic studies on human adaptation responses to identify patterns in constraints and limits to adaptation for different regions, sectors, hazards, adaptation response types, and actors. Using definitions of constraints and limits provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we find that most literature identifies constraints to adaptation but that there is limited literature focused on limits to adaptation. Central and South America and Small Islands generally report greater constraints and both hard and soft limits to adaptation. Technological, infrastructural, and ecosystem-based adaptation suggest more evidence of constraints and hard limits than other types of responses. Individuals and households face economic and socio-cultural constraints which also inhibit behavioral adaptation responses and may lead to limits. Finance, governance, institutional, and policy constraints are most prevalent globally. These findings provide early signposts for boundaries of human adaptation and are of high relevance for guiding proactive adaptation financing and governance from local to global scales.

scholarly journals Antimicrobials and Food-Related Stresses as Selective Factors for Antibiotic Resistance along the Farm to Fork Continuum

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Federica Giacometti ◽  
Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski ◽  
Susana Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Cross Adaptation ◽  
Novel Approaches

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and there has been growing concern associated with its widespread along the animal–human–environment interface. The farm-to-fork continuum was highlighted as a possible reservoir of AMR, and a hotspot for the emergence and spread of AMR. However, the extent of the role of non-antibiotic antimicrobials and other food-related stresses as selective factors is still in need of clarification. This review addresses the use of non-antibiotic stressors, such as antimicrobials, food-processing treatments, or even novel approaches to ensure food safety, as potential drivers for resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The co-selection and cross-adaptation events are covered, which may induce a decreased susceptibility of foodborne bacteria to antibiotics. Although the available studies address the complexity involved in these phenomena, further studies are needed to help better understand the real risk of using food-chain-related stressors, and possibly to allow the establishment of early warnings of potential resistance mechanisms.

Inferring spatial patterns of mercury exposure in migratory boreal songbirds: Combining feather mercury and stable isotope (δ2H) measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 143109
Author(s):  
Yanju Ma ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Kevin J. Kardynal ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Brian A. Branfireun
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Mercury Exposure

scholarly journals Increased Response to Altered Auditory Feedback in Dyslexia: A Weaker Sensorimotor Magnet Implied in the Phonological Deficit

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. van den Bunt ◽  
Margriet A. Groen ◽  
Takayuki Ito ◽  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
Vincent L. Gracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Reading Group ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Phonological Deficit ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Effect Phase ◽  
Phonological Abilities

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether developmental dyslexia (DD) is characterized by deficiencies in speech sensory and motor feedforward and feedback mechanisms, which are involved in the modulation of phonological representations. Method A total of 42 adult native speakers of Dutch (22 adults with DD; 20 participants who were typically reading controls) were asked to produce /bep/ while the first formant (F1) of the /e/ was not altered (baseline), increased (ramp), held at maximal perturbation (hold), and not altered again (after-effect). The F1 of the produced utterance was measured for each trial and used for statistical analyses. The measured F1s produced during each phase were entered in a linear mixed-effects model. Results Participants with DD adapted more strongly during the ramp phase and returned to baseline to a lesser extent when feedback was back to normal (after-effect phase) when compared with the typically reading group. In this study, a faster deviation from baseline during the ramp phase, a stronger adaptation response during the hold phase, and a slower return to baseline during the after-effect phase were associated with poorer reading and phonological abilities. Conclusion The data of the current study are consistent with the notion that the phonological deficit in DD is associated with a weaker sensorimotor magnet for phonological representations.

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