scholarly journals Population-Based Biochemistry, Immunologic and Hematological Reference Values for Adolescents and Young Adults in a Rural Population in Western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Zeh ◽  
Pauli N. Amornkul ◽  
Seth Inzaule ◽  
Pascale Ondoa ◽  
Boaz Oyaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Western Kenya

scholarly journals Risk of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Han-Ting Wei ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of suicidal behaviours through psychiatric comorbidities; however, a significant direct association has not been observed between ADHD and suicide attempts.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodUsing a nationwide, population-based insurance claims database, this longitudinal cohort study enrolled 20 574 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 61 722 age- and gender-matched controls between 2001 and 2009. Any suicide attempt was identified from enrolment to 31 December 2011. The association between ADHD medications and the likelihood of suicide attempt was assessed.ResultsADHD was an independent risk factor for any suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.19–4.62) and repeated suicide attempts (hazard ratio = 6.52, 95% CI = 4.46–9.53). Subgroup analyses of men, women, adolescents and young adults demonstrated the same trend. Methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatment did not increase the risk of suicide attempt or repeated suicide attempts. Long-term methylphenidate treatment was associated with a significantly decreased risk of repeated suicide attempts in men (hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97).ConclusionADHD was a risk factor for suicide attempt and a stronger predictor of repeated suicide attempts, independent of comorbidities. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Predictors of early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in California, 1988-2011: a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Abrahão ◽  
Ruth H. Keogh ◽  
Daphne Y. Lichtensztajn ◽  
Rafael Marcos-Gragera ◽  
Bruno C. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Acute Myeloid

scholarly journals 670. Estimating Bordetella pertussis Seroprevalence in Persons Aged 10–25 Years in Mexico Using the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT): Challenges and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S242-S243
Author(s):  
Hugo Lopez-Gatell ◽  
Gabriela Echaniz-Aviles ◽  
Santa Garcia-Cisneros ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Alemán ◽  
Martin Romero-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
National Health ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background Low vaccination rates and under-detection of cases in adolescents and young adults have been implicated in the transmission of Pertussis to children. In this study, the proportion of adolescents and young adults with anti Bordetella pertussis IgG antibodies was estimated in a population-based survey in Mexico. Methods Frozen sera and data from 1,581 subjects—1,102 adolescents and 479 young adults (10–19 and 20–25 years old, respectively)—56% female were randomly selected from the Mexico’s National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012. CDC/FDA validated PT ELISA test was used to detect anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibodies. A subset of 300 samples was also tested with Bp-IgG PT ELISA kit (Euroimmun AG, Lubeck, Germany®), both tests used international standards. Threshold values were established to identify vaccination or infection within the previous year, according to a US survey (Baughman et al.). Population-weighted estimates of seroprevalence were calculated. Results Overall Bp seroprevalence was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.3, 6.3); 3.1% (1.9, 5.0) in adolescents, and 4.9% (2.2, 11) in young adults. Seroprevalence did not significantly vary by gender, socioeconomic status, region or rural/urban location. Compared with the CDC/FDA PT ELISA, the Euroimmun® test showed 76% sensitivity, 88% specificity. Conclusion Booster vaccination to Bp after toddlerhood is not in the Mexican national policy; therefore, anti-PT IgG seropositivity may reasonably be attributed to recent Bp infection. Our weighted estimates of recent Bp infection, which are based on a national population-based serosurvey and a standardized serological test, represent a considerable burden of infections in adolescents and young adults that sharply contrast with the official surveillance reports. Also, the Bp-IgG PT ELISA commercial kit lower sensitivity than the CDC/FDA PT ELISA may lead underestimation of recent infections. In conclusion, assessing pertussis seroprevalence requires careful consideration of the right tests and epidemiological model for interpretation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence and heritability of body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a population-based nationwide twin study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2740-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Z. Ivanov ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Brjánn Ljótsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractBackgroundBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually begins during adolescence but little is known about the prevalence, etiology, and patterns of comorbidity in this age group. We investigated the prevalence of BDD symptoms in adolescents and young adults. We also report on the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on BDD symptoms, and the risk for co-existing psychopathology.MethodsPrevalence of BDD symptoms was determined by a validated cut-off on the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ) in three population-based twin cohorts at ages 15 (n = 6968), 18 (n = 3738), and 20–28 (n = 4671). Heritability analysis was performed using univariate model-fitting for the DCQ. The risk for co-existing psychopathology was expressed as odds ratios (OR).ResultsThe prevalence of clinically significant BDD symptoms was estimated to be between 1 and 2% in the different cohorts, with a significantly higher prevalence in females (1.3–3.3%) than in males (0.2–0.6%). The heritability of body dysmorphic concerns was estimated to be 49% (95% CI 38–54%) at age 15, 39% (95% CI 30–46) at age 18, and 37% (95% CI 29–42) at ages 20–28, with the remaining variance being due to non-shared environment. ORs for co-existing neuropsychiatric and alcohol-related problems ranged from 2.3 to 13.2.ConclusionsClinically significant BDD symptoms are relatively common in adolescence and young adulthood, particularly in females. The low occurrence of BDD symptoms in adolescent boys may indicate sex differences in age of onset and/or etiological mechanisms. BDD symptoms are moderately heritable in young people and associated with an increased risk for co-existing neuropsychiatric and alcohol-related problems.

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