Adult-Age Inflammatory Pain Experience Enhances Long-Term Pain Vigilance in Rats

Inflammatory pain represents a complex state involving sensitization of peripheral and central neuronal signaling. Resolving this high-dimensional interplay at the cellular and behavioral level is key to effective therapeutic development. Here, using the carrageenan model of local inflammation of the hind paw, we determine how carrageenan alters both the physiological state of sensory neurons and behaviors at rapid and continuous timescales. We identify higher excitability of sensory neurons innervating the site of inflammation by profiling their physiological state at different time points. To identify millisecond-resolved sensory-reflexive signatures evoked by inflammatory pain, we used a combination of supervised and unsupervised algorithms, and uncovered abnormal paw placement as a defining behavioral feature. For long-term detection and characterization of spontaneous behavioral signatures representative of affective-motivational pain states, we use computer vision coupled to unsupervised machine learning in an open arena. Using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam to characterize analgesic states during rapid and ongoing timescales, we identify a return to pre-injury states of some sensory-reflexive behaviors, but by and large, many spontaneous, affective-motivational pain behaviors remain unaffected. Taken together, this comprehensive exploration across cellular and behavioral dimensions reveals peripheral versus centrally mediated pain signatures that define the inflamed state, providing a framework for scaling the pain experience at unprecedented resolution.

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Verbal threat learning does not spare loved ones

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84921-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Morato ◽

Pedro Guerra ◽

Florian Bublatzky

Keyword(s):

Fear Learning ◽

Pain Experience ◽

Trauma Research ◽

Learning History ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Electric Shocks ◽

History Of ◽

Threat Cues ◽

Verbal Threat

AbstractSignificant others provide individuals with a sense of safety and security. However, the mechanisms that underlie attachment-induced safety are hardly understood. Recent research has shown beneficial effects when viewing pictures of the romantic partner, leading to reduced pain experience and defensive responding. Building upon this, we examined the inhibitory capacity of loved face pictures on fear learning in an instructed threat paradigm. Pictures of loved familiar or unknown individuals served as signals for either threat of electric shocks or safety, while a broad set of psychophysiological measures was recorded. We assumed that a long-term learning history of beneficial relations interferes with social threat learning. Nevertheless, results yielded a typical pattern of physiological defense activation towards threat cues, regardless of whether threat was signaled by an unknown or a loved face. These findings call into question the notion that pictures of loved individuals are shielded against becoming threat cues, with implications for attachment and trauma research.

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Effects of short-term retrieval on adult age differences in long-term recall of actions.

Psychology and Aging ◽

10.1037/0882-7974.6.4.661 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 661-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Donald H. Kausler ◽

Judith G. Wiley

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Short Term ◽

Adult Age ◽

Adult Age Differences

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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Adults: Long-Term Observation of Ukrainian Patients

Archive of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.21802/acm.2017.1.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Dzhus

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Damage Index ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Juvenile Arthritis ◽

Adult Age ◽

Enthesitis Related Arthritis ◽

Long Term Observation

The assessment of long-term outcome of functional disability and disease activeness in adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis appears to be complicated due to the absence of a unified approach to the classification and estimation of disease activeness, as well as the loss of supervision over a patient because of remission or his/her transition from pediatric to adult rheumatic service. The objective of the research was to determine how adults with the history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis fulfill the classification criteria for adult rheumatic diseases, as well as to assess activeness of these diseases, the degree of functional disorders, and social activeness of patients in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis older than 18 years and with more than 3 years of disease duration living in different parts of Ukraine were included into the study. Data regarding sociodemographic features, fulfillment of adult classification criteria, Health Assessment Questionnaire, articular and extra-articular Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index and disease activity were analyzed.Results. We observed 122 adult patients with the history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis irrespective of the presence of active inflammation at the moment of the examination. This group included patients from different regions of Ukraine diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis during 1984-2013. An adult rheumatologist examined all patients and the diagnosis was revised according to the adult classification of rheumatic diseases. Typical diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis were estimated in 32.8% of patients, ankylosing spondylitis – in 31.1% of patients, undifferentiated arthritis – in 13.9% of patients, Still’s disease – in 4.9% of patients, psoriatic arthritis – in 0.8% of patients, steady clinical laboratory remission – in 16.5% of patients. Most patients (81.8%) with rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis fell under rheumatoid arthritis criteria in adulthood, and in 85% of patients with enthesitis-related arthritis as well as 53.8% of patients with extended oligoarthritis ankylosing spondylitis developed in adulthood. 68.8% of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 68% of patients with rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritic subtype and 55% of patients with enthesitis-related arthritis had disability and incapacitation. Minimal disorders of the patients’ general condition according to the Health Assessment Questionnaire in adult age were found in most subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis classified according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (extended and persistent oligoarthritis, rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis, systemic subtype); moderate disorders of the general condition were found in enthesitis-related arthritis and rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis. Side effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to the articular Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index included severe articular damage being most frequently found in systemic and rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, while side effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to the extra-articular Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index included extra-articular damage being found in systemic and rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, that was confirmed by the assessment of physical health according to the Short Form Health Survey-36, which was the worst in patients with systemic (40.3±12.6) and rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis (38.9±9.4) subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Conclusions. Further research of remote consequences of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in adult age and long-term observation of such patients require a detailed study to improve diagnostics and provide adequate treatment of rheumatic diseases with juvenile onset in adult age.

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Outcomes in Adulthood After Long-Term Foster Care: A Sibling Approach

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559519898755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 383-392

Author(s):

Lars Brännström ◽

Bo Vinnerljung ◽

Anders Hjern

Keyword(s):

Foster Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Multilevel Regression ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Adult Age ◽

Life Chances ◽

Wide Range ◽

National Cohort

When a child is removed from their home and placed in foster care, society takes over the responsibility for that child’s well-being and development. Failure to provide a child with a nurturing upbringing may have negative consequences for the child as well as for society. Using Swedish longitudinal registry data for a national cohort sample of siblings, in which some were placed in foster care and others remained in their birth parents’ care, this study asks whether long-term foster care ensures improved life chances. Results from multilevel regression analyses of a wide range of educational, social, and health-related outcomes in mature adult age (16 outcome constructs) support a row of previous studies indicating that traditional long-term foster care does not seem to improve maltreated children’s life chances.

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Plasticity and modulation of olfactory circuits in insects

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/s00441-020-03329-z ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sylvia Anton ◽

Wolfgang Rössler

Keyword(s):

Adult Life ◽

Postembryonic Development ◽

Social Hymenoptera ◽

Abiotic Environment ◽

Adult Age ◽

Olfactory Systems ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Behavioral Maturation ◽

Olfactory Plasticity

AbstractOlfactory circuits change structurally and physiologically during development and adult life. This allows insects to respond to olfactory cues in an appropriate and adaptive way according to their physiological and behavioral state, and to adapt to their specific abiotic and biotic natural environment. We highlight here findings on olfactory plasticity and modulation in various model and non-model insects with an emphasis on moths and social Hymenoptera. Different categories of plasticity occur in the olfactory systems of insects. One type relates to the reproductive or feeding state, as well as to adult age. Another type of plasticity is context-dependent and includes influences of the immediate sensory and abiotic environment, but also environmental conditions during postembryonic development, periods of adult behavioral maturation, and short- and long-term sensory experience. Finally, plasticity in olfactory circuits is linked to associative learning and memory formation. The vast majority of the available literature summarized here deals with plasticity in primary and secondary olfactory brain centers, but also peripheral modulation is treated. The described molecular, physiological, and structural neuronal changes occur under the influence of neuromodulators such as biogenic amines, neuropeptides, and hormones, but the mechanisms through which they act are only beginning to be analyzed.

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Association Between Trait Empathy and Resting Brain Activity in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea During the Pain and Pain-Free Phases

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.608928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Wanghuan Dun ◽

Tongtong Fan ◽

Qiming Wang ◽

Ke Wang ◽

Jing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Brain Network ◽

Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽

Pain Experience ◽

Current State ◽

The Neural Network ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

Empathy refers to the ability to understand someone else's emotions and fluctuates with the current state in healthy individuals. However, little is known about the neural network of empathy in clinical populations at different pain states. The current study aimed to examine the effects of long-term pain on empathy-related networks and whether empathy varied at different pain states by studying primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) patients. Multivariate partial least squares was employed in 46 PDM women and 46 healthy controls (HC) during periovulatory, luteal, and menstruation phases. We identified neural networks associated with different aspects of empathy in both groups. Part of the obtained empathy-related network in PDM exhibited a similar activity compared with HC, including the right anterior insula and other regions, whereas others have an opposite activity in PDM, including the inferior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule. These results indicated an abnormal regulation to empathy in PDM. Furthermore, there was no difference in empathy association patterns in PDM between the pain and pain-free states. This study suggested that long-term pain experience may lead to an abnormal function of the brain network for empathy processing that did not vary with the pain or pain-free state across the menstrual cycle.

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TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules V, VIa and VII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Murine Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21093312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chanya Inprasit ◽

Yi-Wen Lin

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Pain ◽

The Body ◽

Pain Sensation ◽

Inflammatory Hyperalgesia ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Important Symptom ◽

Zusanli Acupoint ◽

Transient Receptor ◽

Electroacupuncture Treatment

Inflammatory pain sensation is an important symptom which protects the body against additional tissue damage and promotes healing. Discovering long-term and effective treatments for pain remains crucial in providing efficient healthcare. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a successful therapy used for pain relief. We aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-inducing inflammatory pain in the cerebellum, and the inhibition of this inflammatory hyperalgesia using EA at Zusanli acupoint (ST36). The results display a significant increase in mechanical and thermal sensitivities in the CFA and CFA + SHAM groups, which was significantly reduced in the CFA+EA and CFA + KO groups. This evidence was substantiated in the protein levels observed using immunoblotting, and presented with significant escalations after CFA inducing inflammatory hyperalgesia in CFA and CFA + SHAM groups. Then, they were significantly attenuated by EA in the CFA + EA group. Furthermore, the CFA + transient receptor vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)−/− group indicated similar significant decreases of protein expression. Additionally, a concomitant overexpression in lobule VIa was also observed in immunofluorescence. These consequences suggest that CFA-induced inflammatory pain provokes modifications in cerebellum lobules V, VIa and VII, which can subsequently be regulated by EA treatment at the ST36 through its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways.

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