Recent Emergence of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 in Human Blood Cultures

An 88-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with worsening malaise, fever, and weakness. Anaerobic blood culture bottles revealed the presence of an anaerobic, Gram-positive sporulated bacillus. Empirical antibiotherapy with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam was initiated. The patient defervesced after four days and was switched to oral amoxicillin on his 6th day of antibiotic therapy and later discharged from the hospital. Four months later, he had recovered. The bacterium was initially identified asClostridium butyricumusing anaerobic manual identification panel. 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the bacterium to beClostridium lavalense, a recently described species with no previously published case of isolation in human diagnostic samples so far. This is the first report ofClostridium lavalenseisolation from human blood cultures. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the role ofClostridium lavalensein human disease and its virulence factors.

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Genetic Variation among Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Norwegian Bulk Milk

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.12.8352-8361.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 8352-8361 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

H. J. Jørgensen ◽

T. Mørk ◽

D. A. Caugant ◽

A. Kearns ◽

L. M. Rørvik

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Human Blood ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Gene Profile ◽

Milk Products ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Strains of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from bovine (n = 117) and caprine (n = 114) bulk milk were characterized and compared with S. aureus strains from raw-milk products (n = 27), bovine mastitis specimens (n = 9), and human blood cultures (n = 39). All isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, subsets of isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for genes encoding nine of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), and the cloverleaf method for penicillin resistance. A variety of genotypes were observed, and greater genetic diversity was found among bovine than caprine bulk milk isolates. Certain genotypes, with a wide geographic distribution, were common to bovine and caprine bulk milk and may represent ruminant-specialized S. aureus. Isolates with genotypes indistinguishable from those of strains from ruminant mastitis were frequently found in bulk milk, and strains with genotypes indistinguishable from those from bulk milk were observed in raw-milk products. This indicates that S. aureus from infected udders may contaminate bulk milk and, subsequently, raw-milk products. Human blood culture isolates were diverse and differed from isolates from other sources. Genotyping by PFGE, MLST, and m-PCR for SE genes largely corresponded. In general, isolates with indistinguishable PFGE banding patterns had the same SE gene profile and isolates with identical SE gene profiles were placed together in PFGE clusters. Phylogenetic analyses agreed with the division of MLST sequence types into clonal complexes, and isolates within the same clonal complex had the same SE gene profile. Furthermore, isolates within PFGE clusters generally belonged to the same clonal complex.

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Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human blood cultures

FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00199.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 192-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Pavel Å vec ◽

Alena Å evÄÃkovÃ¡ ◽

Ivo SedlÃ¡Äek ◽

Jana BednÃ¡Å™ovÃ¡ ◽

Cindy Snauwaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Human Blood ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Human Blood Cultures

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Interleukin 10 secretion in relation to human IL-10 locus haplotypes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.95.16.9465 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 95 (16) ◽

pp. 9465-9470 ◽

Cited By ~ 328

Author(s):

Joyce Eskdale ◽

Grant Gallagher ◽

Cor L. Verweij ◽

Vivian Keijsers ◽

Rudi G. J. Westendorp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Blood ◽

Transcription Initiation ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Initiation Site ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Genetic Composition ◽

Promoter Haplotypes ◽

Made In ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Human Blood Cultures

Stimulation of human blood cultures with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shows large inter-individual variation in interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion, which has been shown to have a genetic component of over 70%. Alleles at two microsatellite loci in the 4 kb immediately upstream of the human IL-10 transcription initiation site in 132 individuals from 56 Dutch families were defined and assigned as haplotypes. LPS-induced IL-10 secretion was measured by ELISA and related to the IL-10 promoter haplotypes present in 78 unrelated individuals obtained from these families. Analysis showed that LPS-induced IL-10 secretion from unrelated individuals varied with IL-10 promoter haplotypes (P= 0.024; Kruskal-Wallis test). Two observations were made in relation to secreted IL-10 levels and promoter haplotypes; first, those haplotypes containing the allele IL10.R3 were associated with lower IL-10 secretion than haplotypes containing any other IL10.R allele. Second, the haplotype IL10.R2/IL10.G14 was associated with highest IL-10 secretion overall, whereas the haplotype IL10.R3/IL10.G7 was associated with lowest IL-10 secretion. These data demonstrate that the ability to secrete IL-10 can vary in man according to the genetic composition of the IL-10 locus.

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