VITAMINS AND ALKALOIDS IN SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS (ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM L., CAPPARIS SPINOSA L., HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH

This article provides information on the morpho-physiological characteristics, chemical composition, especially the amount of alkaloids and vitamins, and their function in the body, as well as thorn bushes, hole field, yarrow plants, which are considered medicinal plants.The article deals with the botanical and morpho-physiological characteristics of the plant Achillea Millefolium L., one of the medicinal plants used in scientific medicine, systematics, some biologically active substances in the chemical composition, especially vitamins and alkaloids, their function in the body and their role in human health. details are given.The following article describes the role of Capparis spinosa L. in modern taxonomy, its distribution, the structure and properties of the most common alkaloids and vitamins in the plant, and its biochemical functions in the human body.The article concludes with a detailed description of the morpho-physiological characteristics of the plant Hypericum Perforatum L., its chemical composition, especially the amount of alkaloids and vitamins and their function in the body and their role in human health.

Characterization and Anti-aging Tests of Peel-Off Gel Masks Made from Ethanolic Extract of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

BACKGROUND: Yarrow extract (Achillea millefolium) is recognized to have powerful antioxidants that protect the skin from free radical damage, skin whitening, and anti-aging properties. As a result, the application of antioxidants on the skin can be packaged into a peel-off gel mask preparation for face skin care. AIM: The goal of this study is to see how different concentrations of PVA and HPMC as film-forming and gelling agents affect the quality of peel-off gel masks made from ethanol extract of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) as an antiaging ingredient. METHODS: In order to obtain 5 formulas that will be made into preparations and evaluate the quality of the preparations, this research method uses quantitative analysis methods and statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA by varying the concentrations of PVA (7-10%) and HPMC (2-4%) in order to obtain 5 formulas that will be made into preparations and evaluated the quality of the preparations. Organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, syneresis, skin irritation, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time of the mask were all evaluated. RESULT: The results of the experiment with different concentrations of PVA and HPMC enhanced dispersion and drying time, but had no effect on the viscosity value decrease. CONCLUCION: The quality of the peel off gel mask prepared from the ethanol extract of Yarrow was significantly affected by PVA and HPMC concentrations (p<0.05).

Assessing Competitiveness of Fine Fescues (Festuca L. spp.) and Tall Fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceous (Schreb.) Dumort) Established with White Clover (Trifolium repens L., WC), Daisy (Bellis perennis L.) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)

Regulatory restrictions on herbicide use for managing turfgrass weeds has prompted the search for alternative control strategies. Fescue (Festuca) species were identified for their potential to interfere with growth of annual and perennial weeds. In a study conducted in 2018 and 2019, six fescue cultivars were tested from five different species for interference with the growth of three common turfgrass weeds: white clover (Trifolium repens L., WC), daisy (Bellis perennis L.) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Fine (Festuca L. spp.) and tall fescues (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.) were sown and grown in a field trial for 14 days before overseeding with different weeds. vigor and visual quality of grasses, weed cover, and vegetation cover was recorded regularly for 84 days. Differences in mean temperatures and precipitation between the two years of the study resulted in differences in growth of grasses and weeds, as well as in the extent of weed interference of fescue cultivars. Cultivars Musica (F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin) and Barpearl (F. rubra L. ssp. littoralis) were least affected by weed growth during both years, but there was overlap with other cultivars for the measured parameters. Melyane (tall fescue) was deemed unsuitable for natural weed suppression because growth and vigor declined after first mowing, ultimately leading to unacceptable visual quality. Turfgrass visual scores were moderately negatively correlated to weed cover in both years. Future research should focus on F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin and F. rubra L. ssp. littoralis subspecies and identify the mechanisms used to interfere with weed growth.

La web ‘Etnobotànica dels Països Catalans’: coneixement tradicional al servei de la societat

Presentamos en este trabajo la web ‘Etnobotánica de los Países Catalanes’ (https://etnobotanica.iec.cat), una herramienta interactiva para redescubrir el saber popular sobre las plantas. En el momento de hacerse pública, contiene casi 80.000 entradas con nombres de plantas y 55.000 con usos medicinales, y se trabaja para introducir, en los próximos dos años, unas 30.000 entradas de usos alimentarios y unas 30.000 más de otros usos y otras informaciones. Estos datos provienen de más de 1300 entrevistas realizadas a casi 2000 informantes de alrededor de 500 municipios del dominio lingüístico catalán. Los territorios de lengua catalana se encuentran entre las áreas del sur de Europa mejor prospectadas etnobotánicamente, y actualmente sigue habiendo investigaciones activas. La información hasta ahora volcada ha originado un centenar de obras, cuya lista se puede consultar en la misma web. En cuanto a nombres populares, los táxones con mayor diversidad son Zea mays, Achillea millefolium, Cynara cardunculus, Hypericum perforatum y Ceterach officinarum. En cuanto a usos medicinales -los únicos que por el momento figuran-, los táxones más reportados son Thymus vulgaris, Sambucus nigra, Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea, Matricaria recutita y Rosmarinus officinalis. Esta página web es una buena herramienta para el retorno a la sociedad de un saber sobre los patrimonios natural y cultural que de ella proviene, conservándolo y poniéndolo al alcance de las nuevas generaciones y, además, permitirá detectar huecos en la investigación etnoflorística, realizar metanálisis hasta ahora muy raramente hechos en etnobotánica y suministrar información a instituciones y empresas interesadas en desarrollar productos comerciales a base de plantas. [ct] Presentem en aquest treball la web ‘Etnobotànica dels Països Catalans’ (https://etnobotanica.iec.cat), una eina interactiva per a redescobrir el saber popular sobre les plantes. En el moment de fer-se pública, conté gairebé 80.000 entrades amb noms de plantes i 55.000 amb usos medicinals, i es treballa per a introduir-hi, en els propers dos anys, unes 30.000 entrades d’usos alimentaris i unes 30.000 més d’altres usos i altres informacions. Aquestes dades provenen de més de 1300 entrevistes realitzades a quasi 2000 informants de gairebé 500 municipis del domini lingüístic català. Els territoris de llengua catalana es troben entre les àrees del sud d’Europa més ben prospectades etnobotànicament, i actualment encara hi ha investigacions actives. La informació fins ara buidada ha originat un centenar d’obres, la llista de les quals es pot consultar a la mateixa web. Quant a noms populars, els tàxons amb més diversitat són Zea mays, Achillea millefolium, Cynara cardunculus, Hypericum perforatum i Ceterach officinarum. Pel que fa a usos medicinals -els únics que de moment hi figuren-, els tàxons més reportats són Thymus vulgaris, Sambucus nigra, Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea, Matricaria recutita i Rosmarinus officinalis. Aquesta pàgina web és una bona eina per al retorn a la societat d’un saber sobre els patrimonis natural i cultural que en prové, tot conservant-lo i posant-lo a l’abast de les noves generacions i, a més, permetrà detectar buits en la investigació etnoflorística, dur a terme metanàlisis fins ara molt rarament fetes en etnobotànica i fornir informació a institucions i empreses interessades a desenvolupar productes comercials a base de plantes.

Assessment of the resistance of highly ornamental plants of autochthonous flora to increased concentrations of pollutants

Aim. The purpose of the work is to assess the resistance of highly decorative plants of the native flora to a high level of salinity and the content of zinc, lead and cadmium for landscaping urban and roadside areas. Methods. We used seed germination under laboratory conditions with soaking in solutions of sodium chloride and salts of zinc, lead and cadmium, as well as the method of in vitro cell selection to increase resistance to salinity of Verbascum nigrum L. Results. The resistance of 7 species of highly decorative plants, representatives of the autochthonous flora of Belarus, to increasing concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium salts was assessed. Germination capacity, length and morphology of roots, length of seedlings during germination of seeds of Betonica officinalis L., Centaurea jacea L., Verbascum nigrum, Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult., Galium verum L., Anthemis tinctoria L., Anthemis arvensis L., Viscaria vulgaris Bernh., Achillea millefolium L. in the presence of sodium chloride are shown. It has been shown that the in vitro cell selection method is promising for the selection of resistant lines of Verbascum nigrum. Conclusions. The presence of lead, zinc and cadmium salts had a significant effect on the average length of the root, hypocotyl, and cotyledonous leaves, as well as the germination capacity of highly decorative species of autochthonous flora. The most resistant to salinity were yarrow (Achillea millefolium), brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) and black mullein (Verbascum nigrum). Lines of Verbascum nigrum, capable of growing in vitro at a sodium chloride concentration of 5 g/L, were selected. Keywords: salinity, heavy metals, seed germination, highly decorative species.

Протекторные свойства экстракта Achillea millefolium L. при воздействии этопозида на Drosophila melanogaster

Исследованы протекторные свойства лекарственного растения Achillea millefolium L. при воздействии противоопухолевого препарата этопозида на Drosophila melanogaster. В ходе исследования протекторного эффекта экстракта применяли оценку жизнеспособности, методику определения генетической активности SMART и анализ изменения клеточной гибели в имагинальном крыловом диске личинок дрозофилы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что 5 и 7,5 % концентрации экстракта A. millefolium обладают антитоксическими и антигенотоксическими свойствами относительно воздействия этопозида. Однако при одновременном применении этопозида и экстракта происходит снижение регулируемой клеточной гибели.