OsELF3-1, an Ortholog of Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING 3, Regulates Rice Circadian Rhythm and Photoperiodic Flowering

GIGANTEA (GI) is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which were analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The identified biological functions include control over the circadian rhythm, light signalling, cold tolerance, hormone signalling and photoperiodic flowering. The latter function is a central role of GI, as it involves a multitude of pathways, both dependent and independent of the gene CONSTANS(CO) as well as on the basis of interaction with miRNA. The complexity of gene function of GI increases due to the existence of paralogs showing changes in genome structure as well as incidences of sub- and neofunctionalization. We present an updated report of the biological function of GI, integrating late insights into its role in floral initiation, flower development and flower volatile production.

Download Full-text

Improved Plant Nitrate Status Involves in Flowering Induction by Extended Photoperiod

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.629857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Yuan Ye ◽

Wen Hao Tian ◽

Miao Zhou ◽

Qing Yang Zhu ◽

Wen Xin Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Uptake ◽

Floral Induction ◽

Nitrate Assimilation ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Nitrate Transporter ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Flowering Locus T ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Flowering Genes ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering

The floral transition stage is pivotal for sustaining plant populations and is affected by several environmental factors, including photoperiod. However, the mechanisms underlying photoperiodic flowering responses are not fully understood. Herein, we have shown that exposure to an extended photoperiod effectively induced early flowering in Arabidopsis plants, at a range of different nitrate concentrations. However, these photoperiodic flowering responses were attenuated when the nitrate levels were suboptimal for flowering. An extended photoperiod also improved the root nitrate uptake of by NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1 (NRT1.1) and NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2.1 (NRT2.1), whereas the loss of function of NRT1.1/NRT2.1 in the nrt1.1-1/2.1-2 mutants suppressed the expression of the key flowering genes CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and reduced the sensitivity of the photoperiodic flowering responses to elevated levels of nitrate. These results suggest that the upregulation of root nitrate uptake during extended photoperiods, contributed to the observed early flowering. The results also showed that the sensitivity of photoperiodic flowering responses to elevated levels of nitrate, were also reduced by either the replacement of nitrate with its assimilation intermediate product, ammonium, or by the dysfunction of the nitrate assimilation pathway. This indicates that nitrate serves as both a nutrient source for plant growth and as a signaling molecule for floral induction during extended photoperiods.

Download Full-text

A Circadian Rhythm Set by Dusk Determines the Expression of FT Homologs and the Short-Day Photoperiodic Flowering Response in Pharbitis

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.107.052480 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 2988-3000 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Ryosuke Hayama ◽

Bhavna Agashe ◽

Elisabeth Luley ◽

Rod King ◽

George Coupland

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Flowering Response ◽

Short Day ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering

Download Full-text

Gigantea: Uncovering New Functions in Flower Development

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11101142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1142

Author(s):

Claudio Brandoli ◽

Cesar Petri ◽

Marcos Egea-Cortines ◽

Julia Weiss

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Flower Development ◽

Biological Function ◽

Genome Structure ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Flower Production ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering ◽

Hormone Signalling

GIGANTEA (GI) is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which have been analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The identified biological functions include control over the circadian rhythm, light signalling, cold tolerance, hormone signalling and photoperiodic flowering. The latter function is a central role of GI, as it involves a multitude of pathways, both dependent and independent of the gene CONSTANS(CO), as well as on the basis of interaction with miRNA. The complexity of the gene function of GI increases due to the existence of paralogs showing changes in genome structure as well as incidences of sub- and neofunctionalization. We present an updated report of the biological function of GI, integrating late insights into its role in floral initiation, flower development and volatile flower production.

Download Full-text

GhLUX1 and GhELF3 Are Two Components of the Circadian Clock That Regulate Flowering Time of Gossypium hirsutum

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.691489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pengbo Hao ◽

Aimin Wu ◽

Pengyun Chen ◽

Hantao Wang ◽

Liang Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Clock Genes ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Rhythmic Expression ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Circadian Clock Genes ◽

Delayed Flowering ◽

Physicochemical And Structural Properties

Photoperiod is an important external factor that regulates flowering time, the core mechanism of which lies in the circadian clock-controlled expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and its upstream regulators. However, the roles of the circadian clock in regulating cotton flowering time are largely unknown. In this study, we cloned two circadian clock genes in cotton, GhLUX1 and GhELF3. The physicochemical and structural properties of their putative proteins could satisfy the prerequisites for the interaction between them, which was proved by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular Fluorescent Complimentary (BiFC) assays. Phylogenetic analysis of LUXs and ELF3s indicated that the origin of LUXs was earlier than that of ELF3s, but ELF3s were more divergent and might perform more diverse functions. GhLUX1, GhELF3, GhCOL1, and GhFT exhibited rhythmic expression and were differentially expressed in the early flowering and late-flowering cotton varieties under different photoperiod conditions. Both overexpression of GhLUX1 and overexpression of GhELF3 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering probably by changing the oscillation phases and amplitudes of the key genes in the photoperiodic flowering pathway. Both silencing of GhLUX1 and silencing of GhELF3 in cotton increased the expression of GhCOL1 and GhFT and resulted in early flowering. In summary, the circadian clock genes were involved in regulating cotton flowering time and could be the candidate targets for breeding early maturing cotton varieties.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of A circadian rhythm set by dusk determines the expression of FT homologs and the short-day photoperiodic flowering response in Pharbitis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1094939.549900 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

C Robertson McClung

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Flowering Response ◽

Short Day ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering

Download Full-text

Map-Based Cloning and Functional Analysis of YE1 in Rice, Which Is Involved in Light-Dependent Chlorophyll Biogenesis and Photoperiodic Flowering Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030758 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 758 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youlin Peng ◽

Ting Zou ◽

Lamei Li ◽

Shiwen Tang ◽

Qiao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Patterns ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Rhythmic Expression ◽

Rice Mutant ◽

Photoperiodic Flowering ◽

Cloning Method ◽

Flowering Pathway ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive ◽

Chlorophyll Biogenesis

Light is one of the most important environmental factors that affect many aspects of plant growth, including chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis and flowering time. Here, we identified a rice mutant, yellow leaf and early flowering (ye1), and characterized the gene YE1 by using a map-based cloning method. YE1 encodes a heme oxygenase, which is localized to the chloroplasts. YE1 is expressed in various green tissues, especially in leaves, with a diurnal-rhythmic expression pattern, and its transcripts is also induced by light during leaf-greening. The mutant displays decreased Chl contents with less and disorderly thylakoid lamellar layers in chloroplasts, which reduced the photosynthesis rate. The early flowering phenotype of ye1 was not photoperiod-sensitive. Furthermore, the expression levels of Chl biosynthetic genes were downregulated in ye1 seedlings during de-etiolation responses to light. We also found that rhythmic expression patterns of genes involved in photoperiodic flowering were altered in the mutant. Based on these results, we infer that YE1 plays an important role in light-dependent Chl biogenesis as well as photoperiodic flowering pathway in rice.

Download Full-text