Folate Intake and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

The objective of the present study was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating the associations between total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the risk of breast cancer. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (up to January 2014). Inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed publications with a prospective design. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Distinction was made between studies that did or did not exclude cancer cases diagnosed during the first years of follow-up, thereby eliminating potential preclinical bias. Overall, the summary HR for the association between TC and breast cancer risk was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·00; dose–response per 1 mmol/l increment, thirteen studies), and that between HDL-C and breast cancer risk was 0·86 (95 % CI 0·69, 1·09; dose–response per 1 mmol/l increment, six studies), with high heterogeneity (I2= 67 and 47 %, respectively). For studies that eliminated preclinical bias, an inverse association was observed between the risk of breast cancer and TC (dose–response HR 0·94 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·99), seven studies, I2= 78 %; highest v. lowest HR 0·82 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·02), nine studies, I2= 81 %) and HDL-C (dose–response HR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·65, 1·02), five studies, I2= 30 %; highest v. lowest HR 0·82 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·98), five studies, I2= 0 %). There was no association observed between LDL-C and the risk of breast cancer (four studies). The present meta-analysis confirms the evidence of a modest but statistically significant inverse association between TC and more specifically HDL-C and the risk of breast cancer, supported by mechanistic plausibility from experimental studies. Further large prospective studies that adequately control for preclinical bias are needed to confirm the results on the role of cholesterol level and its fractions in the aetiology of breast cancer.

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Birth Weight and Incidence of Breast Cancer: Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Clinical Breast Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.clbc.2020.04.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. e555-e568

Author(s):

Wen Zhou ◽

Xu Chen ◽

Hui Huang ◽

Shaoxia Liu ◽

Aixian Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Meta Analysis

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Different dietary fibre sources and risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519001454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 605-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hannah Oh ◽

Hanseul Kim ◽

Dong Hoon Lee ◽

Ariel Lee ◽

Edward L. Giovannucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Important Health ◽

Vegetable Fibre ◽

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

AbstractDietary fibre is believed to provide important health benefits including protection from colorectal cancer. However, the evidence on the relationships with different dietary fibre sources is mixed and little is known about which fibre source provides the greatest benefits. We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts to summarise the relationships of different fibre sources with colorectal cancer and adenoma risks. Analyses were restricted to publications that reported all fibre sources (cereals, vegetables, fruits, legumes) to increase comparability between results. PubMed and Embase were searched through August 2018 to identify relevant studies. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI were estimated using a random-effects model. This analysis included a total of ten prospective studies. The summary RR of colorectal cancer associated with each 10 g/d increase in fibre intake were 0·91 (95 % CI 0·82, 1·00; I2 = 0 %) for cereal fibre, 0·95 (95 % CI 0·87, 1·03, I2 = 0 %) for vegetable fibre, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·06, I2 = 43 %) for fruit fibre and 0·84 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·13, I2 = 45 %) for legume fibre. For cereal fibre, the association with colorectal cancer risk remained statistically significant after adjustment for folate intake (RR 0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99, I2 = 2 %). For vegetable and fruit fibres, the dose–response curve suggested evidence of non-linearity. All fibre sources were inversely associated with incident adenoma (per 10 g/d increase: RR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·21) cereals, 0·84 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·98) for vegetables, 0·78 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·93) for fruits) but not associated with recurrent adenoma. Our data suggest that, although all fibre sources may provide some benefits, the evidence for colorectal cancer prevention is strongest for fibre from cereals/grains.

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Olive oil and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003499 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naria Sealy ◽

Susan E. Hankinson ◽

Serena C. Houghton

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Dose Response Relationship

Abstract Olive oil consumption has been suggested to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk, probably due to its high MUFA and polyphenol content. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between olive oil and breast cancer risk, including assessing the potential for a dose–response association. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through June 2020, identifying ten observational studies (two prospective studies and eight case–control studies) for meta-analysis. We estimated summary OR and 95 % CI for the highest v. lowest olive oil intake category across studies using random effect models and assessed the dose–response relationship between olive oil and breast cancer risk using restricted cubic splines. The summary OR comparing women with the highest intake to those with the lowest category of olive oil intake was 0·48 (95 % CI 0·09, 2·70) in prospective studies and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·06) in case–control studies, with evidence of substantial study heterogeneity (prospective I2 = 89 %, case–control I2 = 82 %). There was no significant dose–response relationship for olive oil and breast cancer risk; the OR for a 14 g/d increment was 0·93 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·04). There may be a potential inverse association between olive oil intake and breast cancer; however, since the estimates are non-significant and the certainty level is very low, additional prospective studies with better assessment of olive oil intake are needed.

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