Abstract
Background
The association between daily dietary folate intake and cognitive performance in older populations is unclear.
Methods
This study aimed to investigate whether a dose-dependent association exists between dietary folate levels and cognition performance. The 2011–2014 datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were collected. Data from adults aged ≥ 60 years who completed all three cognitive tests with daily dietary data were analyzed. Weighted smooth curve fitting and multiple linear regression models were applied to study the association between folate intake and cognitive performance. Age, sex, race, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, body mass index, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, and depression were adjusted using a weighted multiple regression model.
Results
Data from 1,255 participants were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 69.3 years. Males accounted for a weighted 48.8% of the total population. Daily dietary folate was not significantly associated with delayed recall (per 10 mcg/day increment, β 0.003, 95% CI -0.002–0.009, P = 0.23). Below the cut-off of 250 mcg/day, dietary folate intake was positively associated with immediate recall (per 10 mcg/day increment, β 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.02, P = 0.05) and animal fluency test score (per 10 mcg/day increment, β 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.03, P = 0.05). However, above this cut-off, the association was not significant. Dietary folate intake was not significantly associated with an increase in the digit symbol substitution test score until dietary the folate intake reached 250 mcg/d (per 10mcg/d increment, β 0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.53, P = 0.04).
Conclusion
Daily dietary folate intake was non-linearly associated with cognitive performance in the older American population.