Jamille Gregório Dombrowski
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Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza
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Natércia Regina Mendes Silva
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André Barateiro
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Sabrina Epiphanio
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ABSTRACTBackgroundMalaria during pregnancy is one of the major causes of mortality in tropical regions, causing maternal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW). The integration of the information systems is crucial to assess the dimension of gestational malaria in a wide and useful way, to improve decision making and maternal-child health.Methods and FindingsAn observational population-based study acquired information retrospectively from all live births that occurred between 2006 and 2014 in Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre, Brazil). Social and clinical data of the mother and newborn was extracted from the Information System of Live Births. Malaria episodes information was obtained from the Brazilian Epidemiological Surveillance Information System Malaria. A deterministic record linkage was performed to assess malaria impact on pregnancy. The studied population presented a malaria incidence of 8.9%, of which 63.9% infected byPlasmodium (P.) vivax.Reduction of newborns birth weight at term (small for gestational age (SGA) and LBW) has been found associated withP. vivaxinfection during pregnancy (SGA - OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.52, p=0.035; term LBW - OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.88, p=0.033). Additionally,P. falciparuminfection during pregnancy has been found to be associated with preterm births (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p=0.016), which is related with late preterm births (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11-2.27, p=0.011).ConclusionsDespite the decrease of malaria cases during the evaluated period, we present evidence of the deleterious effects of gestational malaria in a low transmission area in the Amazonian region. Regardless ofPlasmodiumspecies, malaria during pregnancy poses a risk for newborns birth weight reduction, highlighting the impact thatP. vivaxhas on the fetus.FundingSão Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP/Brazil.
Malaria during pregnancy and newborn outcome in an unstable transmission area in Brazil: A population-based record linkage study
